Unit 4.1-4.4 Social Psychology and Personality

Attribution

Inferences people draw about causes of events, their own and others behaivors

Internal Attribution

Ascribe to personal traits, abilities, and feelings

External Attribution

Situationall demands and environmental constraint

Fundamental

Attribute own behavior to situational causes

Attribution Error

Others behaviors to dispositional cause

Foot in the door phenomenon

Agreeing with small requests makes it easier to comply with a larger one

Door in the face effect

Turning down unreasonable request makes it easier to agree to moderate request

Cognative Dissonance

Discomfort from realizing inconsistencies between attitudes and actions

Social facilitation

Performing better in front of an audience, tied to expertise

Social loafing

Disminished effort/responsibility when in groups

Deindividuation

Process of losing self awareness and self restraint often occurs when group participation makes people aroused and anonymous

Group Think

Occurs when people of a cohesive group emphasize

Pre-Mortem

Make is safer for dissenters who are knowledgeable

Prospective Hindsight

Imagining an event has already occurred, increases correct identification

Just World Phenomenon

Cognitive bias where people believe the world is fundementaly fair and that people generally get what they deserve

Ingroup Bias

Tendency to favour and give prefential treatment to people who belong to same group as them

Outgroup

People outside in the ingroup

Scapegoat Theory

Group,, blaming personal failures or societal problems on vulnerable outside groups

Other race effect

Greater recognition for individual own race face

Bystander effect

Tendency to be less likely to give and if others are present

Social exchange Theory

Social behaviors is a result at cost benefit analysis

Reciprocity Norm

Expectation to help those who helped us

Social Responsibility Norm

Expectations to help those in need

Social Trap

Pursuing short term, self interested goals results in harming collective well being

Self-fufilling prophecies

Beliefs that lead to their own fulfillment

Personality

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting