Final Exam Review for Global Perspectives on Sport

Why are there certification standards for sustainability?

independently verify that products, services, and companies meet specific environmental, social, and economic criteria, providing credible, transparent proof of claims, which helps consumers make informed choices, ensures regulatory compliance, manages risks, and boosts brand reputation

Which certification program makes up the largest target sector?

Accommodation

What is Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)?

Identifying acceptable and achievable social and resource standards, documenting gaps between desirable and existing circumstances, identifying management actions to close gaps, monitoring and evaluating management effectiveness

Define Visitor Impact Management (VIM)?

Identifying unacceptable changes occurring as a result of visitor use and developing management strategies to keep visitor impacts within acceptable levels

What is the real reason for the creation of visitor impact management standards?

Reconcile the paradox of encouraging visitor access while simultaneously protecting natural/cultural resources from degradation, ensuring high-quality visitor experiences, and managing overcrowding.

What is the EFA?

concerned with global sustainability, ecological footprint analysis

Identifying visitor impact problems by comparing standards for acceptable conditions refers to what?

Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)

What are three reasons for implementing standards regarding sustainability?

Saves organizations money, makes event planning easier, and generates income

What are the five processes involved in the certification of sustainability?

Equity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Credibility, and Integration

Name the three issues of Sustainability.

Environmental, Social, and Economic

Define Ethics?

The attempt to understand the nature of human values, how people ought to live, and what constitutes right conduct.

Define Sustainability?

meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs

Ethical decisions are based on what type of values? Intrinsic or Extrinsic?

Intrinsic

What are the two main approaches to ethical decision making derived from the literature?

Deontology and Teleology

Who created and adopted the Global Code of Ethics?

WTO (World Tourism Organization)

Who created the Theory of Moral Development regarding ethical decision making?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Name benefits of International Tourism?

economic growth through job creation, infrastructure development, preservation of heritage sites, foreign currency inflows

What type of ethics are used by students as a standard framework for making ethical decisions specific to the Tourism and sport industry?

Ethical scenarios/case studies/dilemmas (utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics)

What are the fundamental values of Ethical Decision Making?

Human life and dignity, natural and cultural environment, family, holidays and holy places, and freedom

What are the four components/topics/subject areas of sport and tourism that we have used within various discussions and projects?

Environment, sociocultural, political, and economic

True or False: Market segmentation involves identifying groups that sufficiently differ from other segments

True

Define Market Segmentation?

The process of splitting customers, or potential customers, in a market into different groups, or segments, within which customers share a similar level of interest in the same or comparable set of needs satisfied by a distinct marketing proposition.

What is the number 1 reason for market segmentation?

Increase marketing efficiency, targeted marketing efforts towards most receptive group

What does ATS stand for? What do they do?

American Traveler Survey, they take random samples of households and figure out their demographics for travel (adventure, budget, family, gay, luxury, baby boomer)

What are some reasons why people like to take vacations?

Get Rid of Stress, Time with Spouse, See/Do New Things, Learn History/Culture, Solitude/Isolation, Gain Perspective

Within the travel market, which segment of travelers is the lowest percentage (1%) and is excluded from the research findings and discussions?

Personal Sports

What are the reasons for segmenting a market?

Increase marketing efficiency, targeted messaging, customer loyalty

What evidence is there to show that market segmentation of travelers will change in the next 20 years?

Slower growth, multiple competitors in similar categories, pricing pressure, increased difficulty for new entrants, and search for segments

Compared to trends and patterns exhibited by the travel market with group or groups has the highest percentage of travels?

Family, Baby Boomer, and Budget travelers

What are the six methods of segmentation?

Product and services, demographics, geography, channel, psychographics, and consumer needs/wants