Chemistry Quiz 2

Benzaldehyde

Benzoic acid

phenol

toluene

Ortho-

1,2

Meta-

1,3

Para

1,4

Halogenation

Halogen (Cl₂ or Br₂) takes place of hydrogen and byproduct is HBr or HCl

Nitration

Nitrogen dioxide (H-O-NO₂) takes place of the hanging H and byproduct is H₂O.

Sulfonation

H₂SO₄ (HO-SO₃H) SO₃H takes the place of hanging carbon and product is H₂O.

Aromatic Substitution Reactions

reactions with benzenes

Alcohols

Number the chain so -OH group gets lowest possible number.

Takes priority over c-c and c=c, so -OH gets the lowest number.

-diols

contain two -OH groups

-triols

contain 3 -OH groups

physical properties of alcohols

Soluble in water if the ratio of carbons to O/N/F is less than 3:1

Boiling point

dependent on if the molecule can H bond or not.

it must have O, N, or F and have an H attached to one of those elements.