medical term final exam

osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.

vitamin D deficiency leads to softening of the bones, which is known as ?

dentin

part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels …..

systole.

contraction phase of the heartbeat is known as

lithotripsy.

crushing a renal calculi by using sound waves

sagittal plane.

pertaining to the planes that divide the body into right and left portions

the sinoatrial (SA) node.

known as the pacemaker of the heart ?

dementia or cognitive decline

loss of mental capacity ?

is epidermis.

another word meaning skin ?

bradycardia.

heart beat for an adult that falls below 60 bmp is referred to as

angioplasty.

the surgical repair of a vessel is known as

venous inflammation or phlebitis.

inflammation of a vein

mitral valve.

located between the left upper and lower chamber of the heart is known as the

scoliosis.

lateral curvature of the spinal column

A condition where there is a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.

what is hypoxia ?

the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis that contains connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.

the dermis is

coronary arteries.

blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle?

endometriosis.

condition where pieces of the inner lining of the uterus are ectopic

the first occurrence of menstruation

what is menarche ?

the scrotum.

sac containing the male gonads

prevents pregnancy by disrupting the fallopian tubes.

sterilization procedure that

a condition where arteries become narrowed due to plaque buildup, leading to reduced blood flow.

atherosclerosis is

thrombosis.

blood clot forms in a large lower limbs vessel

medulla oblongata

part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat and the size of blood vessels and is known as the emetic center

the cerebellum

is not part of the brain stem

is known as chest percussion.

delivering sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest with the fingers

orthopnea.

breathing is easier in an upright position what is it

Pulmonary artery

a blood vessel that carries oxygen- poor blood from the heart to the lungs

onychomycosis.

fungal infection in the nail

where is the femoral condyle

located at the lower end of the femur, where it articulates with the tibia in the knee joint.

exostosis

a benign bony growth that develops on the surface of a bone.

where is the medical meniscus

located in the knee joint, between the femur and tibia, providing cushioning and stability.

a cystography,

what x-ray test showed an abnormality of the bladder is

what is a diverticulum

an abnormal pouch that forms in the wall of a hollow organ

the biopsy revealed

a sample of tissue taken for examination to diagnose disease or conditions.

basal cell originated in which skin layer

epidermis

hematuria

the presence of blood in urine

squamous epithelium

Flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis

stratified

Arranged in layers

squamous epithelium

composed flat-like cells that cover surfaces and line cavities.

stratum corneum

Outermost layer of the epidermis; consists of flattened, keratinized cells

subcutaneous layer

Layer of tissue beneath the skin that contains fat and connective tissue and helps insulate the body and absorb shock.

enuresis

bedwetting.

polyuria

Excessive production of urine.

nocturia

Condition characterized by excessive urination at night, often disrupting sleep.

renal calculi

kidney stones.

renin

A hormone produced by the kidneys that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance by converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

pyuria

Presence of pus or white blood cells in urine

ketonuria

Presence of ketones in urine, often indicating uncontrolled diabetes or fasting.

calyx, calix

structures that collect urine from the kidneys before it moves to the renal pelvis.

ascites

fluid in the abdominal cavity, often due to liver disease or heart failure.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation.

diverticulosis

A condition where they are small pouches (diverticula) in the walls of the colon

gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach lining, often causing pain and discomfort.

colonoscopy

A medical examination using a flexible tube with a camera to visualize the interior of the colon and rectum, often used for diagnostic purposes or screening for colorectal cancer.

cheilosis

A condition characterized by inflammation and cracking of the lips, often due to vitamin deficiencies.

mastication

The process of chewing food to break it down into smaller pieces for easier digestion.

cecum

The first part of the large intestine, connecting the ileum of the small intestine to the colon.

buccal mucosa

The inner lining of the cheeks and lips, important in oral health and function.

cheilosis

A condition characterized by cracks or sores at the corners of the mouth, often due to vitamin deficiencies or fungal infections.

porosis

A condition characterized by porous or weakened bones, often seen in osteoporosis.

heel bone

calcaneus

freely moveable joint

A joint that allows for a wide range of motion, enabling movement in multiple directions, such as the knee and elbow.

sac of fluid near joints

A bursa

attaches bone to bone

ligament

the end of the fibula

is known as the lateral malleolus, which forms the outer part of the ankle joint.

a hinge joint

allows movement primarily in one direction, like the elbow and knee.

example ball and socket joint

shoulder and hip joint