Biology Regents Review

Which activity is an example of the life process known as synthesis?

Starch is formed by the chemical bonding of glucose molecules.

The human body has many cells that are deep inside the body. For this reason, the human body requires…

a transport system and other organs.

Changes in external temperatures often result in a person either sweating or shivering, as represented in the diagram below.

These responses are one way…

the body is able to maintain dynamic equilibrium.

Five different living organisms are represented below.

Which statement about the organisms represented above is correct?

All of the organisms pass on traits through reproduction.

Which process is a form of autotrophic nutrition?

photosynthesis

The diagram below represents changes that take place within the human body.  The diagram represents

dynamic equilibrium

What is a similarity between all bacteria and plants?

They are both composed of cells.

The data in the graph below show evidence of disease in the human body. A disruption in dynamic equilibrium is indicated by the temperature change between points

C and D

Rabbits have evolved strategies that get them through periods of time when there is little food. The diagram below represents essential life functions that rabbits need to perform.

Which life function in the diagram could be eliminated without affecting an individual rabbit's ability to survive when food is scarce?

reproduction

As a result of their metabolic activities, many organisms produce harmful substances. These substances are eliminated by the process of…

excretion

Organization of Living Things:

Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

Organelles

are the small structures within a cell each with a specific function.

Chloroplast:

where GLUCOSE is made by the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS in plant cells.

Vacuole:

Store water and waste. Plant cells have one large vacuole.

Cell Wall:

Rigid layer outside of cell membrane in plants, square shape.

Nucleus:

Controls the cells. Stores the DNA

Cytoplasm:

jelly-like material that fills the inside of the cell

Passive Transport:

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient “Molecules like the flow

from HIGH to LOW”

Diffusion:

movement of any molecule across membrane; usually small such as O2, CO2, Glucose

Osmosis:

Diffusion of water from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration

Hypotonic solution:

Higher concentration of water “HYPO- H2O” the cell SWELLS as water moves inward

Hypertonic solution:

Lower concentration of water, the cell SHRINKS as water moves out

Active Transport:

Forcing a molecule against the concentration gradient, from LOW to HIGH concentration. Requires energy.

Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that the muscle cells in athletes…

have a greater demand for energy than the muscle cells of nonathletes

What is the site of protein synthesis in plant cells?

ribosomes

The diagram below represents a cell in the human body. Which statement concerning the structures within this cell is accurate?

Structure 3 is a mitochondrion, where respiration takes place.

A

Which organelles must be present within a cell of a geranium leaf for respiration and photosynthesis to occur?

mitochondria and chloroplast

B

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

ribosome–protein synthesis

Base your answer on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a series of events that occur within living organisms.   Cell structure X is a

ribosome

A

B

The process of active transport requires the most direct use of…

ATP

The diagram below illustrates the movement of glucose across a cell membrane. Which two processes are most directly represented in this diagram?

molecule transport and energy use

The diagram below represents a portion of a cell membrane.

The arrow indicates that the cell membrane is carrying out the process of…

active transport

________ are broken down into simple sugars.

starches

A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when

the concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than inside.

The diagram below shows two different kinds of substances, A and B, entering a cell.  ATP is most likely being used for…

substance A to enter the cell

The diagram represents three groups of red blood cells. Groups A and B were each placed in different solutions for the same period of time. Identify which group of cells, A or B, had most likely been placed in distilled water.

A

In an experiment, a membrane bag containing 95% water and 5% salt was placed in a beaker containing 80% water and 20% salt, as shown below. The setup was put aside until the next day.

The bag will become smaller because the water will diffuse from inside the bag to outside the bag.

The diagram represents three sections of a cell membrane showing three different methods involved in the transport of various molecules across the membrane.

Methods A and B are classified as methods of passive transport because they do not require…

ATP

________ are broken down into amino acids.

proteins