Ch 8: Managing Human Resources + Ch 9: Individual Behavior Within Organizations

Job analysis

The process of studying a job to determine its tasks and requirements

Job description

A written statement describing job duties and responsibilities

Job specification

A list of skills, abilities, and qualifications needed for a job

Recruitment

The process of attracting qualified job candidates

Selection

The process of choosing the best candidate from applicants

Individual differences

Personal attributes that make individuals unique

Psychological contract

Unwritten expectations between employee and employer

Contributions

Part of a psychological contract, What employees provide (effort, skills, time)

Inducements

Part of a psychological contract, What the organization provides (pay, benefits, opportunities)

Person-organization fit

Compatibility between employee values and organizational culture

Person-job fit

Match between individual skills and job requirements

Person-group fit

Compatibility between an individual and their team

Personality

A stable set of characteristics that influence behavior

Big Five personality traits

Five major dimensions of personality, being openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Openness

One of the big five personality traits, Being creative, curious, and open to new experiences

Conscientiousness

One of the big five personality traits, Being responsible, organized, and dependable

Extraversion

One of the big five personality traits, Being outgoing, social, and energetic

Agreeableness

One of the big five personality traits, Being cooperative, friendly, and compassionate

Neuroticism

One of the big five personality traits, Tendency toward emotional instability and negative emotions

Locus of control

The degree to which people believe they control outcomes, can be internal or external

Internal locus of control

Belief that outcomes are controlled by one’s own actions

External locus of control

Belief that outcomes are controlled by external forces

Self-efficacy

Belief in one’s ability to perform tasks successfully

Authoritarianism

Belief in obedience to authority and structured hierarchy

Machiavellianism

Tendency to manipulate others for personal gain

Self-esteem

A person’s overall sense of self-worth

Risk propensity

Willingness to take risks

Attitude

A person’s evaluation of something

Job satisfaction

The degree to which a person likes their job

Organizational commitment

Loyalty and attachment to an organization

Components of attitude

Affective, cognitive, and intentional

Affective component of attitude

Emotional feelings about something

Cognitive component of attitude

Beliefs or thoughts about something

Intentional (behavioral) component of attitude

The way a person intends to act

Perception

The process of interpreting and understanding the environment

Selective perception

Noticing only certain aspects of a situation

Stereotyping

Judging individuals based on group assumptions

Workplace behavior

Actions of employees in an organization

Performance behaviors

Tasks directly related to job performance

Organizational citizenship behaviors

Voluntary actions that benefit the organization

Counterproductive behaviors

Actions that harm the organization