Thẻ ghi nhớ: homuz strait crisis | Quizlet

Strait

narrow water passage or difficult situation - The Strait of Hormuz is vital for oil transport - narrow strait, in financial straits - channel, hardship

Lay bare

to expose clearly - The crisis laid bare economic weaknesses - lay bare flaws, lay bare truth - expose, reveal

Economic vulnerabilities

weaknesses in an economy - The pandemic exposed economic vulnerabilities - structural vulnerabilities - fragility, weakness

Buffer

protection against shocks - Reserves act as a buffer against volatility - provide a buffer, shock buffer - shield, cushion

Hit the buffers

to stop suddenly - The project hit the buffers due to funding issues - plan hits the buffers - collapse, fail

Biofuels infrastructure

system for producing biofuels - Brazil has strong biofuels infrastructure - extensive infrastructure - energy system

Extensive

large and wide-ranging - The country has an extensive network - extensive reforms, extensive coverage - vast, widespread

Illustration

a clear example - This is a good illustration of risk - clear illustration, vivid illustration - example, instance

Illuminate

to clarify - The report illuminates key issues - illuminate trends, illuminate problem - clarify, explain

Rapid wind and solar growth

fast expansion - Rapid growth boosts supply - rapid growth, renewable expansion - surge, expansion

Global yet asymmetric

global but unequal - Climate change is global yet asymmetric - asymmetric impact - uneven, imbalanced

Bond spreads

difference in yields - Bond spreads widened sharply - widen spreads, narrow spreads - yield gap

Higher bond spreads

larger yield gap - Higher spreads indicate risk - rising spreads - increased gap

Rupture

to break suddenly - The pipeline ruptured - rupture vessels - break, tear

Burst

break due to pressure - The pipe burst - burst into tears, burst pipe - explode

Burst the banks

overflow - The river burst its banks - flood banks - overflow

Burst with

be full of - She burst with ideas - burst with joy - overflow, brim

Bursting at the seams

overcrowded - The city is bursting at the seams - bursting city - overcrowded

Burst to do something

very eager - She was bursting to speak - burst to tell - eager, desperate

Bubble burst

sudden collapse - The housing bubble burst - economic bubble - collapse

Burst someone's bubble

destroy hopes - I didn't want to burst his bubble - burst illusion - disappoint

Disrupt the flow

interrupt - War disrupts supply chains - disrupt flow, disrupt supply - interrupt

Credit downgrades

lower rating - Downgrades increase costs - sovereign downgrade - rating cut

Absorb turbulence

handle shocks - Markets absorbed turbulence - absorb shocks - withstand

Weigh responses to

consider carefully - Governments weigh responses - weigh options - assess

Salient fault lines

major divisions - Inequality is a salient fault line - social fault lines - division

Liquefied

turned into liquid - Gas is liquefied - liquefied gas - melt

Liquefied natural gas

gas in liquid form - LNG demand rises - LNG market - —

Surging fuel prices

rapidly rising prices - Fuel prices are surging - price surge - spike

Global interest rates

worldwide rates - Rates are rising globally - interest hike - —

Fertilizer supplies

availability of fertilizers - Supplies were disrupted - supply shortage - —

Oil-exporting

selling oil abroad - Oil-exporting nations benefit - exporting country - —

Oil-importing

buying oil - Importers face high costs - importing nation - —

Fiscal

related to government finance - Fiscal policy matters - fiscal reform - budgetary

Conservative fiscal policy

cautious spending - It reduces debt - conservative approach - strict

Austerity

spending cuts - Austerity reduces deficits - austerity measures - cuts

Policy space

room to act - Limited policy space restricts action - expand policy space - flexibility

Power market reliant on

dependent on - Market reliant on coal is risky - reliant on fossil fuels - dependent

Wholesale electricity prices

bulk prices - Prices surged - wholesale market - —

Energy systems

energy structure - Systems are evolving - energy system reform - —

Exposed

revealed - Weaknesses were exposed - expose flaws - reveal

Well above

far higher - Prices were well above €150 - well above average - exceed

Energy resilience

ability to withstand shocks - Build resilience - resilience strategy - durability

Stark differences

clear contrasts - Stark differences exist - stark contrast - sharp difference

Energy-price turbulence

unstable prices - Turbulence affects markets - price volatility - instability

Resilient clean energy sources

stable renewables - Solar is resilient - renewable sources - sustainable

Alleviate

reduce severity - Policies alleviate pressure - alleviate stress, alleviate burden - ease, relieve

Exacerbate

make worse - War exacerbates crisis - exacerbate tensions - worsen, aggravate

Mitigate

reduce impact - Renewables mitigate risks - mitigate damage - lessen

Undermine

weaken - Debt undermines stability - undermine confidence - weaken

Bolster

strengthen - Policies bolster growth - bolster economy - reinforce

Cushion

protect from shock - Savings cushion shocks - cushion impact - buffer

Strain

pressure - System under strain - financial strain - stress

Volatility

instability - Oil volatility rises - price volatility - fluctuation

Contagion

spread of crisis - Contagion spreads fast - financial contagion - spillover

Spillover

indirect effect - Crisis has spillover effects - spillover impact - ripple effect

Resilient

able to recover - Markets are resilient - resilient system - robust

Robust

strong - Robust growth continues - robust economy - strong

Fragile

easily broken - Recovery is fragile - fragile economy - weak

Entrenched

deeply rooted - Problems are entrenched - entrenched inequality - rooted

Structural imbalance

systemic weakness - Imbalances persist - economic imbalance - disparity

Fiscal tightening

reducing spending - Tightening slows growth - tighten policy - austerity

Monetary tightening

raising rates - Banks tighten policy - rate hikes - restrict

Price cap

max price - Government imposed a cap - energy price cap - ceiling

Windfall profits

unexpected gains - Firms earn windfall profits - windfall tax - unexpected gains

Supply bottleneck

blockage - Bottlenecks raise costs - production bottleneck - constraint

Phase out

gradually stop - Countries phase out coal - phase out gradually - eliminate

Ramp up

increase quickly - Firms ramp up output - ramp up production - boost

Scale up

expand - Governments scale up renewables - scale up operations - expand

Wind down

reduce gradually - Firm winds down operations - wind down business - reduce

Pass on

transfer cost - Firms pass on costs - pass on expenses - transfer

Drive up

increase sharply - War drives up prices - drive up costs - push up

Bring down

reduce - Policies bring down inflation - bring down prices - reduce

Hold back

limit - High rates hold back growth - hold back demand - restrain

Feed into

contribute to - Inflation feeds into wages - feed into inflation - contribute

Spill over into

spread to - Crisis spills over into markets - spill over effects - spread

Lock in

fix firmly - Contracts lock in prices - lock in rates - secure

Push up against

reach limit - Demand pushes up against supply - push limits - approach

equivalent

something that has the same value/effect (tương đương)

equivalent of = have the same effect as

Example: This qualification is the equivalent of a bachelor's degree.

cushion

reduce the negative impact (giảm tác động)

cushion A from B = protect A from B

Example: Policies cushion consumers from inflation.

volatility

sudden change / instability (sự biến động)

Example: Oil price volatility affects the global economy.

volatile

likely to change suddenly (dễ thay đổi / dễ nóng tính)

Example: He has a volatile personality.

agave-based

made from agave plant (làm từ cây thùa)

Example: agave-based sweeteners are popular.

agave

a succulent plant (cây thùa - giống xương rồng)

cactus

a desert plant with spines (cây xương rồng)