bio eoc

What is the function of the nucleus cell?

controls cell activities: contains DNA

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

What substance is found in the cytoplasm?

a jelly-like area where reactions happen.

What do mitochondria produce?

Energy in the form of ATP

What process do ribosomes carry out?

Make proteins.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis in plants

What is the role of the cell wall?

Support and protection in plants

What is a prokaryote?

An organism with no nucleus, such as bacteria

What is eukaryote?

An organism that has a nucleus

What occurs during photosynthesis?

Plants make glucose using sunlight.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2​+6H2​O+light→C6​H12​O6​+6O2

What occurs during cellular respiration?

cells break glucose to make ATP energy.

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATPC_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 —→ 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATPC6​H12​O6​+6O2​→6CO2​+6H2​O+ATP

What is diffusion?

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low without energy

What is osmosis?

Water movement from high water concentration, no needing energy

What is active transport?

Movement of molecules against concentration gradient requiring energy

What are the results of mitosis?

Identical cells

What are the results of meiosis?

4 different cells

What are diploid cells?

Cells containing two sets of chromosomes

What are haploid cells?

Cells containing one set of chromosomes

What is the order of the stages in mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT)

What is a gene?

A trait

What is an allele?

A from of a gene

What does dominant mean?

Capital letter!

What does recessive mean?

Lowercase!

What is a punnet sqaure?

A diagram used to predict genetic outcomes

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double stranded, stays in the nucleus.

RNA is single stranded and leaves the nucleus.

What is DNA replication?

The process by which DNA copies itself before cell division

What is protein synthesis?

The process where DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

What is Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection?

Organisms with helpful traits survive and pass those traits down.

What are the evidences of evolution?

Fossils, embryos, DNA similarities, and homologous structures.

What is the order of ecological levels of organization?

Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere.

What is a food chain?

A sequence showing producer → consumer → decomposer.

What are producers?

Organisms, like plants and algae, that make their own food.

What is carrying capacity?

The largest population an environment can support.

What are the main components of the scientific method?

Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Collect Data, Conclusion.

What is an independent variable?

The variable that is changed in an experiment.

What is a dependent variable?

The variable that is measured in an experiment.

What is a control variable?

The variable that remains unchanged in an experiment.

Hypertonic

cell shrinks

Hypotonic

Cell swells

Crossing over

Happens in meiosis and creates genetic variation.

Symbiosis

The relationship between different organisms

Mutalism

both benefit

Commensalism

One benefit, other unaffected

paratsitism

One benefits, other harmed

Levels of organzation in ecology

Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere.

Food chain

- Sequence showing producer → consumer → decomposer.

Carrying capacity

The MAX population an environment can support

PMAT

Please Make A Taco

Powerhouse of the cell

Mitochondria

Water movement

Osmosis

What organelle makes ATP

Chloroplast

What happens during photosynthesis

Glucose is made

What type of transport requires energy?

Active transport

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Make reproductive cells

Vacuole

storage

In genetics, a dominant allele is represented by:

A capital letter

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Which statement best describes natural selection?

Helpful traits increase survival and reproduction

Which molecule carries genetic information?

DNA

During active transport, the cell

Uses ATP energy

Temperature	Bacteria Growth
10°C	Low
25°C	Medium
37°C	High
60°C	None

A scientist grows bacteria at different temperatures

What is the independent variable?

Temperature

What is the dependent variable?

Bacteria growth

Two heterozygous parents:
Bb × Bb

What is the probability of offspring being recessive?

25%

Grass → Rabbit → Snake → Hawk

Which organism is the producer?

Grass

Which relationship is parasitism?

Tick feeding on a dog

Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

Thymine

Which base pairs with adenine in RNA?

Uracil

A student tests fertilizer on plant growth.

What is the independent variable?

fertilizer amount

What is the dependent variable?

Plant growth

Why are meiosis and crossing over important?

They increase genetic variation