Economic Sectors in Geography

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts of economic sectors as outlined in the lecture notes.

What are the four economic sectors?

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary.

What describes primary activities?

Growth or extraction of raw materials like farming, fishing, mining, and forestry.

What are secondary activities?

Processing of materials to create finished products, such as car manufacturing and food processing.

Define tertiary activities.

Provision of services, including retail, transport, and healthcare.

What do quaternary activities involve?

Providing specialist information or knowledge, such as research and development.

What is an economic sector?

A classification system for types of employment.

Identify the dominant sector in pre-industrial countries.

Primary sector.

What happens to the secondary sector during industrialization?

It increases in size and then begins to decrease.

How do developed countries like the UK shift in economic sectors?

They move from primary to tertiary and quaternary sectors.

What influences the location of economic sectors?

Both physical and human factors.

Name three physical factors that affect the location of industries.

Raw materials, climate, and energy sources.

What human factors influence the location of economic activities?

Capital, transport, market accessibility, and labor.

Which economic activity is highly influenced by climate?

Agriculture.

Why is transport important for secondary activities?

It is essential for bringing in raw materials and sending out products.

Identify one reason for the decreasing number of jobs in agriculture.

Increasing mechanisation.

What is deindustrialisation?

A decline in secondary employment in developed countries.

What has driven the global shift to emerging countries for manufacturing?

Lower costs and cheaper labor.

How does technology influence employment in economic sectors?

It reduces the need for labor in many primary and secondary jobs.

What do countries focus on in terms of government policies to attract industries?

Tax incentives and infrastructure improvements.

How is service demand affected as countries develop?

Higher disposable income increases demand for services.

What does the Clark-Fisher model illustrate?

The changing employment in economic sectors as countries develop.

Name one factor that may lead to primary activities relocating.

Natural hazards, such as drought or flooding.

What effect does urbanization have on primary sector jobs?

People move to urban areas for jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

What is the trend for tertiary and quaternary sectors in developed countries?

They increasingly dominate employment.

How has the location of factories changed in relation to power sources?

Factories are now more flexible and can be located in various places due to electricity availability.

What drives the location of tertiary activities in urban areas?

Proximity to customers.

What is an example of quaternary activity?

Research and development.

What is a major characteristic of the rural-urban fringe for economic activities?

Availability of space for expansion and cheaper land.

What are the impacts of mechanisation in agriculture?

Fewer jobs available in the primary sector.

What happens to markets for soft fruits if they are not located near consumers?

They may rot before reaching customers.

What significant change occurs in economic sectors during the post-industrial phase?

Tertiary and quaternary sectors increase while primary and secondary decrease.

What underpins the growth of science parks?

Proximity to universities and a skilled labor force.

Why do developing countries attract TNCs?

Cheaper labor and less strict regulations.

What results from the deindustrialisation of a region?

Decrease in employment and negative multiplier effect.

How does globalisation impact employment patterns?

It allows TNCs to operate factories and offices across multiple countries.

What technological advancement affects secondary sector jobs?

Mechanisation.

In what ways do demographic changes affect employment in sectors?

Higher population demands increase goods and services.

What is the significance of accessibility in location decisions for industries?

Essential for market access and logistics.

How are government policies designed to influence economic sectors?

By using tax incentives and grants to attract businesses.

Give an example of a developing country with a high primary sector employment.

Kenya.

Identify a country that shows a rise in secondary sector employment.

China.

What role do international treaties play in economic sector location?

They influence trade regulations.

What historical period saw a dominance of secondary sector activities?

The industrial period.

Describe characteristics of tertiary sector jobs in developed countries.

They are often higher paid and require higher education.

What is an implication of the population structure on economic demand?

Changing age structure influences the type of goods/services needed.