History Final Exam

What are is the first main quote from the Prince by Machiavelli?

“If one has to choose, it is better to be feared than loved”

What is the second main quote from the Prince by Machiavelli?

“The end (results) justify the means (methods)”

What were Sunni and Shi’ah?

The two sectors in the Islam religion

What did the Sunni believe?

the leader should be chosen among the prophet and supported abu bakr

What did the Shi’ah believe?

leadership should stay within the prophets family and they supported ali muhammads cousin and son in law

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

1. one god allah, muhammad is the final prophet

2. pray 5 times a day facing mecca

3. every muslim is required to give 2-3% of their net worth to the poor

4. fast for lunar hours during ramadan

5. once in a lifetime they must make a pilgrimage to the holy city of mecca

Who was Genghis Khan?

Leader of the Mongol empire. his father was poisoned and died, and he was a savage. He united Mongol tribes, established the Yassa, encouraged trade, allowed freedom of religion, and built a strong and smart army, but he destroyed ancient cities, killed millions, and used fear and violence when ruling.

What was the Magna Carta?

a charter of liberties signed by King John in England in 1215

What was the Plague?

A major deadly disease

What was the Black Death?

What the pandemic was called during the spread of the Plague in Europe and Asia. The accepted mortality rate was 25-45%

Who was Gutenberg?

The inventor of the printing press, it made books faster and cheaper to print which helped spread renaissance ideas.

Who was Machiavelli?

He believed people were by nature. He said people are naturally selfish and unreliable, a ruler shouldnt trust people too much, a ruler should eliminate threats completely. It is more important to appear good than actually be good. People will help you when things are easy but abandon you in tough times. If punishment is necessary do it cleanly and avoid harming a persons property people must be controlled through fear or strong pressure. being feared is more effective than being loved. The ends justify the means. Leaders should focus on practically not morality.