CST Resit Ch4+5

outcome expectations

The result of the person’s belief that certain behaviours will in general result in particular outcomes.

efficacy expectations

A person’s belief that thay are capable of behaving in ways needed to achieve the desired outcomes.

self-regulation

Refers to the process by which a person in pursuit of a self-generated goal will reward themselved for reaching certain standards they have set and punish themselves for not reaching them.

outcome goals

Represent the final result or destination the client wants to achieve (e.g., stopping panic attacks).

process goals

Are the actionable steps, emotional work, and therapeutic relationship dynamics required to get there (e.g., identifying anxiety triggers and learning breathing exercises).

confidant

The helper creates clarity and calmness during the session, is attentive and understanding of (the perceptions of) the client and encourages the client to speak freely.

Rogers in the confidant role

Bring calm and trust to the situation and create an atmosphere of security (unconditional positive regard, genuineness, empathy).

Wexler in the confidant role

Trus in the helper plays a considerable part, since the process of differentriating and integrating material pertaining to person problems is a difficult one.

Client insights (differentiation vs. integration)

Clients see more sides to the question (differentiation) and obtain an overview (integration), but in a more balanced manner.

communicative detective

The helper tries to obtain a clear picture of the client’s (dysfunctional) thoughts and actions.

Three important processes when interpreting and processing information (according to Wexler)

• Selection

• Differentiation

• Integration

teacher

The helper tentatively provides the client with a more effective approach to their problems and discusses how they may best put this to good use.

coach

The helper assists the client in putting newly acquired insights into practice and, if needed, will help in honing new skills needed for doing this.

Three stages of the helping model

1. Problem clarification

2. Gaining new insights

3. Treatment of the problem

problem clarification

Used for making contact and gaining a clearer picture of what the (actual) problems are and how the client experiences them.

gaining new insights

Reformulating, organising, and selecting (parts of) problems to be solved or as preperation for solutions.

• Goal: help the client obtain a more differentiated and clearer picture of their problem.

treatment of the problem

Setting objective goals and planning and taking action to find solutions for concretely formulated problems.

• Coach is very important at this stage.

• Client: “Yes, I now understand what caused the problem, but what can I do about it?”