BSC 2011 Exam 3 finished!!

Cell Roots...

A. Use energy to activate enzymes that move water inside the root

B. Use energy to activate enzymes that move ions inside the root

C. Need to have ions inside their cytoplasm to move water inside the root

D. A, B, and C are correct

E. B and C are correct

E. B and C are correct

Lignin...

A. Is found mostly in death cells

B. Is found mostly in guard cells

C. Gives plants flexibility

D. A, B, and C are correct

E. None of the other options are correct

A. Is found mostly in death cells

Monocots...

A. Have vascular cambium between the primary xylem and primary phloem

B. Are monophyletic

C. Have their vascular tissues arranged in rings inside the stems

D. Are haplontic

E. None of the other options are correct

B. Are monophyletic

In a section of an old dicot trunk

A. Phloem layer is much thinner than the xylem layer

B. The pith is made of death cells with thick cell wall with ligning

C. The pith can radiate toward the bark forming "star shape" figure

D. Options A, B, and C are correct

E. None of the other options are correct

D. Options A, B, and C are correct

Which of the following "forces" help water to move from the soil to the leaves

A. Water molecules stick to each other through Hydrogen Bounds

B. Evaporation of water in the leaves

C. Adhesion of water to xylem walls

D. Options A, B, and C are correct

E. None of the other options are correct

D. Options A, B, and C are correct

Symporters are

A. Pores in the cell root membrane

B. Carrier proteins that move water

C. Carrier proteins that move ions

D. Part of the xylem

E. None of the other options are correct

C. Carrier proteins that move ions

Which of the following is/are major regulators of the physiology of cell guards of the stomata

A. Vacuoles inside these cells

B. Photosynthesis inside these cells

C. Differential thickness of the cell walls of these cells

D. Options A, B, and C are correct

E. None of the other options are correct

D. Options A, B, and C are correct

Which of the following is/are major regulators) for ions to move inside the guard cells

A. Light

B. Abscisic Acid

C. Proton pump enzymes

D. Options A and C are correct

E. Options B and Care correct

D. Options A and C are correct

In order to move sugar from leaves to the roots:

A. Water needs to be moved from Xylem to phloem

B. Sugar needs to be moved from phloem to xylem

C. Phloem has higher pleasure in in the roots

D. Options A, B, and C are correct

E. None of the other options are correct

A. Water needs to be moved from Xylem to phloem

Which of the following statements is correct:

A. The cell wall of fungi has the same components found in the cell walls of plants

B. The cell wall of fungi has the same components found in the cell walls of anımals

C. The cell wall of fungi has the same components found in the exoskeleton of arthropods such as insects

D. The cell wall of fungi has the same components found in the cell walls of bacteria

C. The cell wall of fungi has the same components found in the exoskeleton of arthropods such as insects

In Basidiomycota:

A. Dicaryotic individual produce gametes through meiosis and there are no 2n cells during their life cycle

B. Diploid individuals produce gametes directly after mitosis and there are no multicellular diploid individuals

C. The zygote undergoes meiosis right after it is formed

D. The basidiocarp is made of dikaryotic cells only

C. The zygote undergoes meiosis right after it is formed

Penicillin powder is made of:

A. Conidia

B. Monokaryotic hyphae

C. Diploid hyphae

D. Heterokaryotic hyphae

E. Options B and C are correct

A. Conidia

Conidia are

A. Monokaryotic

B. Haploid

C. Diploid (n + n)

D. Options A and B are correct

E. Options A and C are correct

D. Options A and B are correct

Mycorrhizae:

A. Are major pathogens of plants

B. Help transfer nutrients to plants in high pH soils

C. Are found inside the digestive system of plants

D. Are the only fungi able to perform photosynthesis

E. All other options are correct

B. Help transfer nutrients to plants in high pH soils

It has been suggested that bilateral symmetry has advantages because:

A. Resulted in organisms with their brain and many sensory senses in their anterior part

B. Resulted in organisms that could move in aquatic environments

C. Resulted in organisms that could develop multicellular tissues

D. Resulted in organisms that could respond to sexual selection

A. Resulted in organisms with their brain and many sensory senses in their anterior part

The coelom:

A. Is the same as the digestive track

B. It is inside the digestive track

C. Will provide a cavity for the largest organs of the body

D. It is located between the mesoderm and the endoderm

C. Will provide a cavity for the largest organs of the body

During embryo development protostomes:

A. Develop anus first

B. Exhibit radial cell growth

C. They develop the colom very early when the gastrula is being formed

D. A, B, and C are correct

E. None of the above is correct

C. They develop the colom very early when the gastrula is being formed

Which of the following applies to Tapeworms:

A. Protists

B. Food absorbed through body epidermis

C. Fish

D. Free-living Turbellaria

B. Food absorbed through body epidermis

Which of the following animals have septae:

A. Annelida

B. Taenia

C. Squids

D. Options A and B are correct

E. Options A and C are correct

A. Annelida

Mollusks can be:

A. Hermaphrodite

B. Gonochoric

C. Haplodiplontic

D. Options A and B are correct

E. Options B and C are correct

D. Options A and B are correct

In earth-worms the clitellum segregates a mucus cocoon surrounded by chitin that is found outside their body.

Inside this cocoon:

A. male gametes are produced

B. Embryos and zygotes are produced

C. female gametes are produced

. male and female gametes join to produce only zygotes that are moved inside the female body

E. None of the above are correct

B. Embryos and zygotes are produced

Which of these applies to nematoda:

A. Males and females have similar external morphology and size

B. Not molting

C. External fertilization

D. Trichinosis and Necator

E. All of the above are correct

D. Trichinosis and Necator

Which of the following parasites can migrate to the human muscles:

A. Necator

B. Trichinella

C. Taenia when the person eats infected uncooked meat

D. A and B are correct

E. All of the above are correct

B. Trichinella

Insect wings are considered to:

A. Be outgrowths of the thorax

B. Have the same structure development of legs and antennae

C. Have a mesoderm and ectoderm origin

D. A and C are correct

E. All other options are correct

D. A and C are correct

Which of the following nematode parasites have in humans an end-host

A. Trichinella

B. Anisakis

C. Necator

D. A and B are correct

E. All other options are correct

D. A and B are correct

Which of the following are involved in transporting oxygen in arthropoda:

A. hemocytes

B. hemolymph

C. hemeocyanin

D. A and B are correct

E. B and Care correct

E. B and C are correct

Which of the following applies to Cherlicerata:

A. Four pairs of walking legs

B. Three pairs of walking legs

C. Mandibles

D. Sister to Crustaceans

E. All of the above are correct as spiders display great morphological variation are very recent

A. Four pairs of walking legs

Which of the following phrases apply to abdominal prolegs of insects:

A. Adult butterflies

B. The same structure development of thorax legs and antennae

C. Epidermal outgrowths from abdomen tissue

D. Options A and B are correct

E. None of the other options are correct

C. Epidermal outgrowths from abdomen

Which of the following word pairs are correct:

A. Centipedes / One pair of legs per segment

B. Centipedes / Carnivorous

C. Milipedes / Three pais of appendages per segment

D. Options A and B are correct

E. None of the other options are correct

D. Options A and B are correct

In insects the genes that regulate appendage development are

A. Scattered in different chromosomes

B. Are in a cluster in sequencial order in single chromosome

C. Are in a single chromosome but not in a cluster

D. None of the above is correct as insects do not have these kind of genes

B. Are in a cluster in sequencial order in single chromosome

In insects the presence of wings to fly

A. Is a synapomorphy for one of the insect taxonomic classes

B. Forms a single monophyletic group with all of its members having wings

C. Is always associated with the presence of air sacs

D. Is always associated with the trait of these wings to be folded above the abdomen

A. Is a synapomorphy for one of the insect taxonomic classes

Fish:

A. Can produce all amino acids

B. Have open circulatory system

C. Always have swimming fins

D. Options A, B, and C are not correct

E. Options A, B, and C are correct

D. Options A, B, and C are not correct

Which of the following statements is correct about sharks:

A. Jaws evolved from gills

B. Teeth develop from scales

C. Internal fertilization

D. Options A, B and C are correct

E. Options A, B and C are not correct

D. Options A, B and C are correct

What of the following is correct:

A. All lung fish need both gills and lungs to perform respiration

B. Most lung fish are marine

C. Lung fish are found only in the New World

D. Options A, B and C are correct

E. Options A, B and C are not correct

A. All lung fish need both gills and lungs to perform respiration

Which of the following groups of fish have muscles inside the fins

A. Sharks

B. Ray-finned fish

C. Lobe-finned fish

D. Options A, B and C are correct

E. Options A, B and C are not correct

C. Lobe-finned fish

Reptiles with an anapsid skull have _______ lateral holes for muscles to attach

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

E. None of the above are correct

A. 0

Mammals derive from_________reptiles

A. Synapsis

B. Anapsis

C. Diapsis

D. None of the above are correct

A. Synapsis

Functional xylem includes

A) Dermal Tissue

B) Sclerenchyma

C) Parenchyma

D) None of the other options is correct

E) Options A, B, and C are correct

C) Parenchyma

No-functional very old xylem includes

A) Old dermal Tissue

B) Old sclerenchyma

C) Old vascular cambium

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

B) Old sclerenchyma

In orchids

A) Sepals are usually morphologically similar to petals

B) Most of the times, all petals are very similar morphologically within an individual

C) Can have up to three petals and three cotyledons

D) None of the other options is correct

A) Sepals are usually morphologically similar to petals

Dicots are

A) Monophyletic

B) Paraphyletic

C) Polyphyletic

D) Sister to monocots

E) Options B and D are correct

B) Paraphyletic

The vascular cambium produces

A) Cortex

B) Xylem

C) Dermal tissue

D) All other options are correct

B) Xylem

In a section of an old dicot trunk

A) Phloem layer is much thinner than the xylem layer

B) The pith is made of death cells with remains of thick cell walls with high lignin content

C) The pith can radiate toward the bark forming "star shape" figure

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

In a section of an old dicot trunk (this is a double he put)

A) Functional phloem cells are towards the cortex

B) Functional phloem cells are near the central pith and far away from the vascular cambium

C) The vascular cambium produces cortex cells

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

B) Functional phloem cells are near the central pith and far away from the vascular cambium

Which of the following applies to cohesion

A) Hydrogen bonds

B) Symporters

C) Tensile strength

D) All other options are correct

A) Hydrogen bonds

Symporters

A) Are enzymes that use directly ATP to move ions trough the membrane

B) Are carrier proteins that move ions through the membrane using proton gradients

C) Trigger the presence of hydrogen bonds in water

D) None of the other options is correct

B) Are carrier proteins that move ions through the membrane using proton gradients

When you water your plants

A) ~90% of the water provides electrons in photosynthesis

B) ~50% of the water provides electrons in photosynthesis

C) ~90% of the water is lost in stomata to pump water from the soil to the leaves

D) ~90% of the water is used to transport nutrients from the leaves to other plant tissues

C) ~90% of the water is lost in stomata to pump water from the soil to the leaves

You will find proton pump enzymes in

A) Root hairs

B) Phloem

C) Guard cells

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

E) None of the other options is correct as prokaryotes originated through endosymbiosis

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

Once the phloem delivers nutrients to a sink cell, the water found in the phloem:

A) Moves to the sink cell

B) Stays in the phloem helping to move more nutrients to other sink cells

C) Moves to the xylem

D) None of the other options are correct

C) Moves to the xylem

Which of these cells can have photosynthetic activity

A) Dermal tissue cells

B) Companion cells

C) Sclereids

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

E) None of the other options are correct

A) Dermal tissue cells

Which of these cells help to regulate the movement of nutrients from photosynthetic cells to the phloem

A) Companion cells

B) Colenchyma cells

C) Sclereids

D) Dermal cells

A) Companion cells

Which of these plant structures are mostly made of living cells

A) Xylem

B) Phloem

C) Lignin

D) Fibers

B) Phloem

Which of the following statements is correct

A) Xylem and phloem are always adjacent to each other

B) In monocots the phloem is located near the cortex

C) The vascular cambium of monocots produces xylem and phloem

D) All other options are correct

C) The vascular cambium of monocots produces xylem and phloem

Efflux channels

A) Move ions inside the guard cells

B) Move ions from phloem to sink cells

C) Move protons to create proton gradients

D) None of the other options is correct

D) None of the other options is correct

Which of the following is/are major regulator(s) for ions to move outside the guard cells

A) Light

B) Abscisic acid

C) Proton pump enzymes

D) Options A and C are correct

E) All other options are correct

E) All other options are correct

A doctor is treating a dermatitis caused by a fungus, it is likely that he/she is dealing with a

A) Ascomycota

B) Basidiomycota

C) Glomeromycota

D) All other options are equally likely

A) Ascomycota

Penicillin directly attacks the ________ of bacteria

A) Nucleus membrane

B) Phospholipid bilayer

C) Peptidoglycan layer

D) All of the other options are correct

C) Peptidoglycan layer

Truffles

A) Produce basidiocarps that are edible

B) Are mycorrhizae

C) Produce plant diseases

D) Options A and C are correct

B) Are mycorrhizae

Basidia can have inside:

A) haploid cells

B) zygotes

C) dikaryotic cells

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

The unpleasant smell of blue cheese and unclean feet is produced by the same species of ____

A) Basidiomycota

B) Ascomycota

C) Bacteria

D) Mycorrhiza

C) Bacteria

When you are eating the regular mushrooms that you buy in the supermarket you are mostly eaten:

A) Haploid cells

B) Dikaryotic cells

C) Polykaryotic cells

D) Cell that have inside a zygote

B) Dikaryotic cells

Conidia are the result of _____ reproduction of ______ hyphae

A) sexual / gametophyte

B) asexual /n + n

C) asexual / gametophyte

D) sexual / n + n

E) asexual / 2n

C) asexual / gametophyte

In most of the protostome embryos

A) There are no stem cells

B) There are stem cells inside coelom or pseudocoelom

C) There are stem cells in early stages of the blastula

D) Most of the stem cells are found after the coelom or pseudocoelom is formed

C) There are stem cells in early stages of the blastula

Which of the following words or concepts apply to protostomes

A) Radial cleavage

B) Diploblastic animals

C) Spiralia

D) Corals

C) Spiralia

Which of the following layers are found in the embryo of sponge

A) Ectoderm

B) Mesoderm

C) Endoderm

D) Options A and C are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

E) None of the other options is correct

A researcher is conducting embryological studies of fish. During the research a few cells of the blastula are damaged. Potential outcomes of this are

A) This fish will have disabled progeny

B) Progeny of this fish will be healthy

C) During embryo development the mouth of its progeny will develop first

D) Options A and C are correct

E) Options B and C are correct

B) Progeny of this fish will be healthy

Based on the information provided in class how many synapomorphies define the deuterostomes?

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) 4

E) 4

Which of the following is a synapomorphy for protostomes

A) Mouth develops first

B) Radial cleavage during development

C) Presence of coelom

D) Options A and B are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

A) Mouth develops first

Some particular marine mollusks exhibit autotrophy as they

A) Allow microalgae to grow on their epidermis

B) Allow microalgae to grow inside their guts C) "Harvest" chloroplasts from algae and inside the body of the slug there is photosynthesis

D) None of the above is correct. No known marine slug can be autotrophic

C) "Harvest" chloroplasts from algae and inside the body of the slug there is photosynthesis

An exception to sexual reproduction in the Metazoa is a group of lizards in the West North America desert. This species of lizard does not have

A) X chromosomes

B) Y chromosomes

C) have embryo development

D) All other options are correct

B) Y chromosomes

In Everglades National Park we have a case of an Eumetazon that can reproduce easily asexually. Which of these organisms fell(s) in this category

A) Terrestrial turtles

B) Alligators

C) At least one species of snake

D) All other options are correct

C) At least one species of snake

The pseudocoelom

A) is inside the digestive track

B) will provide a cavity for the largest organs of the body

C) is located between the mesoderm and the endoderm

D) Options B and C are correct

E) Options A and B are correct

D) Options B and C are correct

During embryo development protostomes:

A) Develop anus first

B) Exhibit radial cell growth

C) They develop the coelom very early when the gastrula is being formed

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

C) They develop the coelom very early when the gastrula is being formed

Which of the following groups of animals form a single monophyletic group

A) Acoelomates

B) Cnidaria

C) Diploblastic animals

D) Options B and C are correct

E) All other options are correct

B) Cnidaria

When a cow or pig eats eggs of a tapeworm it develops cysts in

A) Eyes

B) Brain

C) Muscles

D) Options B and C are correct

E) All other options are correct

C) Muscles

Which of the following associated words or concepts are correct

A) Platyzoa / Spiralia

B) Cnidaria / Protostomes

C) Ecdysozoa / Lophotrochoza

D) All other options are correct

A) Platyzoa / Spiralia

A cercaria moves from the snail host to the fish host mostly

A) Swimming

B) When the snail is eaten by a fish

C) When the cercaria is eaten by the fish

D) None of the other options is correct

A) Swimming

Platyzoans

A) Do not have nerve system

B) Do not have excretory system

C) Are unisexual

D) None of the other options is correct

D) None of the other options is correct

Which of the following animals have an open circulatory system

A) flukes

B) cephalopoda

C) bivalvia

D) None of the others options is correct

E) Options A and C are correct

C) bivalvia

Which of the following have pseudocoelom

A) Taenia

B) Necator

C) Earthworms

D) All other options are correct

B) Necator

The eggs of earthworm hatch

A) - Inside an earthworm

B) - Inside a cocoon

C) - Outside a cocoon

D) - Inside a nest made by the mother

E) Options C and D are correct

B) - Inside a cocoon

Animals with body segmentation form a ________ group

A) Monophyletic

B) Paraphyletic

C) Polyphyletic

D) We are not certain which of these other statements is correct because we are not sure which animals have body segmentation

C) Polyphyletic

Which is the correct time sequence in the life-story of Necator inside a human

A) Skin --> Lungs --> Digestive system

B) Skin --> Digestive system --> Lungs

C) Lungs --> Digestive system --> Skin

D) Digestive system --> Lungs --> Skin

E) None of the other options is correct as Necator does not live in the digestive system

A) Skin --> Lungs --> Digestive system

Nematoda have

A) - Closed circulatory system

B) - Coelom

C) - Well developed digestive system

D) Options B and C are correct

E) Options A, B, and C are correct

C) - Well developed digestive system

Which of the following word/concept pairs are correct?

A) Clitellum/nematoda

B) Insects/closed circulatory system

C) Exoskeleton/nematoda

D) Insects/two pairs of antennae

E) None of the other options is correct

C) Exoskeleton/nematoda

Necator is the scientific name of a/an ________

A) arthropoda

B) member of the annelida

C) member of the nematoda

D) bacteria transmitted by ticks

C) member of the nematoda

Hemocyanin is found in

A) - Mollusks

B) - Spiders

C) - Myriapoda

D) Only B and C are correct

E) All other options are correct

E) All other options are correct

Primitive adult butterflies have

A)- 2 pair of legs

B)- 3 pair of legs

C) - 4 pair of legs

D) Options A and B are correct

A)- 2 pair of legs

Butterflies with vestigial forelegs use these legs to

A) Walk

B) Harpoons to kill insects

C) Detect food

D) Lay eggs

E) None of these options is correct

C) Detect food

Insect air sacs are connected to

A)- Circulatory System

B) - Insect mouth

C) - Tracheal system

D) - All other options are correct

C) - Tracheal system

Myriapoda

A) - Have internal fertilization

B) - Are hermaphroditic

C)- Have the same number of segments when they hatch from the egg and when they are adults

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

A) - Have internal fertilization

Which of the following word/concept pairs are correct

A) Millipedes/Poison fangs

B) Centipedes/two pairs of legs per segment

C) Millipedes/carnivorous

D) None of the other options is correct

D) None of the other options is correct

Which of the following arthropoda structures operate with the help of muscles

A) - Book lungs

B) - Tracheae and tracheoles

C) - Air sacs

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

C) - Air sacs

Which of the following animals have notochord in adults

A) Lamprey

B) Spiders

C) Sharks

D) Salmon

E) All other options are correct

A) Lamprey

Larvae of ___ have ____ symmetry

A) - Sea urchin/radial

B) - Star fish/radial

C) Sea urchin/bilateral

D) Options A and B are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

C) Sea urchin/bilateral

When you buy fish in the supermarket you have _______ % chance to buy a lobe-finned fish

A. <10%

B. 50%

C. >90%

D. All of the other options are correct as it depends on the supermarket that you visit

A. <10%

Which of the following statements is correct about cartilaginous fish:

A) Gills evolved from jaws

B) Teeth evolved from scales

C) Most of them have external fertilization

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

E) None of the other options is correct

D) Options A, B, and C are correct

Which of the following statements are correct

A) Fish form a paraphyletic group

B) Reptiles form a monophyletic group B

C) Reptiles and mammals together form one monophyletic group

D) All of these options are correct

A) Fish form a paraphyletic group

Which of the following are part of plankton

A) Marcoalgae

B) Brown algae

C) Baby squid

D) Taenia cysts

E) None of the above are correct

C) Baby squid

Modern birds have

A) Only symmetric feathers

B) Very high number of bones

C) Many fused bones

D) None of the above are correct

C) Many fused bones