AP Comparative Government and Politics Unit 3 and 4 MCQ Progress Check

Which of the following is an implication of the data in the map?

A
When the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, Scotland may decide to hold a referendum to leave the United Kingdom because many Scottish people are pro-European Union.
B
Since all Scottish people wish to remain in the European Union, Scottish members of parliament will automatically reject any bills that promote the United Kingdom leaving the European Union.
C
Scotland will remain in the European Union after the United Kingdom leaves, which will be complicated by issues surrounding the flow of goods across borders.
D
Many Scottish people who wish to leave the European Union may decide to move to England, while those people who prefer to remain in the European Union will stay in Scotland.

A
When the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, Scotland may decide to hold a referendum to leave the United Kingdom because many Scottish people are pro-European Union.

Which of the following best describes the author's claim in the passage?

A
The editors-in-chief of the major media outlets meet frequently with one another to decide what stories to cover.
B
The Russian media frequently manipulate documents and news stories that Putin officials submit to them.
C
Members of the Putin administration decide what foreign and domestic policies will be covered by the media.
D
Putin learned from the mistakes of Yeltsin and allowed the media to be owned by oligarchs rather than the government.

C
Members of the Putin administration decide what foreign and domestic policies will be covered by the media.

Which of the following best explains the large difference between positive assessments of personal living conditions and positive assessments of the economy as shown by the data?

A
People may sense that their personal economic and living conditions are improving but still see corruption, lack of infrastructure, and income inequality as major national issues.
B
People believe that the economy has improved much more than their personal living conditions have but hope that individual conditions quickly match improved national economic conditions.
C
Positive economic growth has improved assessments of both personal living conditions and the country's economy, and now a majority of people have positive economic assessments of the country.
D
The elimination of corruption among government officials and judges has had a positive impact on people's assessments of their personal living conditions and the country's econo

A
People may sense that their personal economic and living conditions are improving but still see corruption, lack of infrastructure, and income inequality as major national issues.

Which of the following statements best demonstrates that a healthy civil society exists in the United Kingdom?

A
Groups promoting hate speech or intolerance have been permanently banned.
B
The House of Commons often passes laws that protect various minority groups.
C
The history of gradualism in the United Kingdom permits changes to the class structure to occur very slowly.
D
Freedom of assembly allows groups to express their discontent with the government by protesting.

D
Freedom of assembly allows groups to express their discontent with the government by protesting.

Which of the following accurately compares populism and fascism?

A
Populism is the belief in the rights of the common people over those of the elites, while fascism is the belief in the rights of the ethnic majority over those of ethnic minorities.
B
Populism is a nationalist ideology that favors authoritarian rule, while fascism is an ideology that supports the reduction of income disparities.
C
Populism is in part the belief in the abolition of private property, while fascism is in part the belief in privatization to encourage economic growth.
D
Populism supports the rights and interests of individuals, while fascism supports the rights of political parties and the political opposition.

A
Populism is the belief in the rights of the common people over those of the elites, while fascism is the belief in the rights of the ethnic majority over those of ethnic minorities.

Which of the following accurately compares the nature of social cleavages in both Nigeria and Mexico?

A
Both countries have a Christian majority and a significant Muslim minority.
B
Both countries have a homogeneous population with few ethnic minorities.
C
Both countries feature regional differences divided along socioeconomic lines.
D
Both countries have significant regional linguistic and religious differences.

C
Both countries feature regional differences divided along socioeconomic lines.

Which of the following accurately compares neoliberalism and communism?

A
Neoliberalism is the belief that free enterprise is the best solution for economic growth, and communism is the belief that private property should be abolished.
B
Neoliberalism is the belief that subsidies are beneficial for state economies, and communism is in part the belief in the nationalization of major private industries.
C
Neoliberalism is the belief of individual civil liberties over government restrictions, and communism is the belief that supports the interests of common people over those of the elites.
D
Neoliberalism is the belief that privatization is best for the economy, and communism is the belief that major economic disparities are vital to a thriving economic system.

A
Neoliberalism is the belief that free enterprise is the best solution for economic growth, and communism is the belief that private property should be abolished.

Which of the following accurately compares political ideologies?

A
Communism is a nationalist ideology that favors authoritarian rule and the right of an ethnic majority to rule over a nation-state.
B
Neoliberalism is the belief in limited governmental intervention in the economy and society, supports privatization, free trade and deregulation.
C
Individualism is the philosophy that supports the voice of the common people over that of elites.
D
Populism is the belief in the abolition of private property in order to achieve an elimination of economic classes in society.

B
Neoliberalism is the belief in limited governmental intervention in the economy and society, supports privatization, free trade and deregulation.

Which of the following statements accurately describes politically relevant cleavages in two countries?

A
In Mexico, there are ethnic divisions between the Amerindian population and whites and mestizos, while in Russia there are divisions between the ethnic Russian population and minority groups such as the Chechens in the Caucasus region.
B
In China, the majority of the population is ethnically Uighur, while in the United Kingdom ethnic differences exist between the English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish.
C
In Iran, religious differences exist between the majority Sunni and minority Shia, while in Nigeria regional differences between the East and the West exist.
D
In Iran, ethnic cleavages exist between Kurds and Azerbaijanis and the majority Persians, while in China, the eastern region is predominantly Muslim while the northern region is predominantly Buddhist.

A
In Mexico, there are ethnic divisions between the Amerindian population and whites and mestizos, while in Russia there are divisions between the ethnic Russian population and minority groups such as the Chechens in the Caucasus region.

Which of the following describes politically relevant cleavages in two AP Comparative Government and Politics course countries?

A
China has a Uighur ethnic majority and several ethnic minorities, and Iran has a Sunni Muslim majority and several religious minorities.
B
Mexico has a Catholic majority with a large Protestant minority, and Nigeria has a large Christian majority with very few other religious minorities.
C
Russia has an ethnic cleavage consisting of a majority of ethnic Russians and a non-Russian population, and the United Kingdom has ethnic differences between people in different regions.
D
China has regional differences such as Tibetans in the southwest, and Mexico has regional differences between the east and west.

C
Russia has an ethnic cleavage consisting of a majority of ethnic Russians and a non-Russian population, and the United Kingdom has ethnic differences between people in different regions.

Which of the following is a conclusion drawn from the data about economic conditions in Nigeria?

A
There has been much positive growth in perceptions of economic conditions in Nigeria due to nationalization of the oil industry.
B
There has been much positive growth in perceptions of economic conditions in Nigeria due to new redistribution policies that give oil money back to the people.
C
There has been some positive growth in perceptions of economic conditions in Nigeria due to a new governmental policy of jobs for all.
D
A majority of people do not see economic conditions as very good, partly because corruption is still rampant and economic growth is weak.

D
A majority of people do not see economic conditions as very good, partly because corruption is still rampant and economic growth is weak.

Which of the following best explains the large difference between positive assessments of personal living conditions and positive assessments of the economy as shown by the data?

A
People may sense that their personal economic and living conditions are improving but still see corruption, lack of infrastructure, and income inequality as major national issues.
B
People believe that the economy has improved much more than their personal living conditions have but hope that individual conditions quickly match improved national economic conditions.
C
Positive economic growth has improved assessments of both personal living conditions and the country's economy, and now a majority of people have positive economic assessments of the country.
D
The elimination of corruption among government officials and judges has had a positive impact on people's assessments of their personal living conditions and the country's econo

A
People may sense that their personal economic and living conditions are improving but still see corruption, lack of infrastructure, and income inequality as major national issues.

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A
People may sense that their personal economic and living conditions are improving but still see corruption, lack of infrastructure, and income inequality as major national issues.

Which of the following best explains why, despite the intervention of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), there are still problems with strengthening civil society in Nigeria?

A
The country is large, and there are multiple societal cleavages and divisions.
B
Most NGOs are funded by oil money, and resources have diminished since 2000.
C
The media, which is controlled by the government, discourages people from joining organizations.
D
Nigeria has a unitary government where all organizations are controlled or coopted by the state.

A
The country is large, and there are multiple societal cleavages and divisions.

According to the passage, which of the following describes a way that the Putin government influences independent outlets?

A
The Russian government often supports independent outlets by giving them cable services and access to print shops.
B
The Russian government imposes fines and penalties for not covering controversial subjects correctly.
C
The Russian government removes restrictive laws so that independent outlets have more local authority to report news.
D
The Russian government strategizes with independent television media sources to create mutually beneficial news stories.

B
The Russian government imposes fines and penalties for not covering controversial subjects correctly.

Which of the following is a conclusion drawn from the data about personal living conditions in Nigeria?

A
Nigerians' perceptions of improvement in their personal living conditions were caused by the elimination of corruption among government officials.
B
Nigerians' perceptions of improvement in their personal living conditions were caused by actual improvements due in part to the democratization process.
C
Nigerians' perceptions of improvement in their personal living conditions were caused by the reinstatement of a military government that brought stability and order.
D
Nigerians' perceptions of improvement in their personal living conditions were caused by the major reduction of income inequality among poorer citizens.

B
Nigerians' perceptions of improvement in their personal living conditions were caused by actual improvements due in part to the democratization process.

Which of the following best describes the author's perspective?

A
The Russian media lacks the independence it needs to hold President Putin accountable.
B
International organizations are influential in setting the Russian news agenda.
C
Russian television stations are privately controlled and mostly anti-Putin.
D
Oligarchs still own more media outlets than the government.

A
The Russian media lacks the independence it needs to hold President Putin accountable.

Which of the following correctly compares agents of socialization within China and Iran?

A
Both regimes are led by charismatic religious leaders, who use religion to socialize citizens, resulting in an increase in citizens' support of government.
B
Both countries have free and independent media, which officials use to bolster support and influence citizens' beliefs and behaviors.
C
Both countries have extensive civic organizations, which have led to increased citizen involvement in policy making at the national level.
D
Both regimes apply pressure to socialize their citizens around conforming beliefs, which results in legitimization of their rule.

D
Both regimes apply pressure to socialize their citizens around conforming beliefs, which results in legitimization of their rule.

Which of the following is an implication of the data in the map?

A
When the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, Scotland may decide to hold a referendum to leave the United Kingdom because many Scottish people are pro-European Union.
B
Since all Scottish people wish to remain in the European Union, Scottish members of parliament will automatically reject any bills that promote the United Kingdom leaving the European Union.
C
Scotland will remain in the European Union after the United Kingdom leaves, which will be complicated by issues surrounding the flow of goods across borders.
D
Many Scottish people who wish to leave the European Union may decide to move to England, while those people who prefer to remain in the European Union will stay in Scotland.

A
When the United Kingdom leaves the European Union, Scotland may decide to hold a referendum to leave the United Kingdom because many Scottish people are pro-European Union.

Which of the following indicates a major difference in how political culture affects institutions?

A
In Iran, the 1979 revolution led to a theocratic system, whereas in the United Kingdom, a history of limited government has led to a democratic system.
B
In Russia, a high level of political trust has led to a dominant party system, whereas in Mexico, educated voters are more likely to have high levels of political efficacy.
C
In Nigeria, religious cleavages have impeded democracy, whereas in China, economic development has been aided by a communist past.
D
In Mexico, charismatic rulers have obtained power through religious tradition, whereas in Nigeria, a history of wars with neighboring countries has led to military dictatorship.

A
In Iran, the 1979 revolution led to a theocratic system, whereas in the United Kingdom, a history of limited government has led to a democratic system.

Which of the following statements most accurately explains socialization in two course countries?

A
In China, the independent media has a strong impact on citizens' socialization, which has resulted in a one-party system, while in Nigeria, the media has had less of an impact on citizens' socialization, which has resulted in a democratic system.
B
In Mexico, the Catholic Church has fostered democratic attitudes among citizens, which has led to a multiparty system, while in Russia the Orthodox Church has supported authoritarian attitudes, which has led to a one-party system.
C
In Iran, Islam plays an important role in citizens' socialization, which has led to the election of conservative candidates, while in the United Kingdom the Anglican Church plays little role in citizens' socialization and choice of political candidates.

C
In Iran, Islam plays an important role in citizens' socialization, which has led to the election of conservative candidates, while in the United Kingdom the Anglican Church plays little role in citizens' socialization and choice of political candidates.

Which of the following explains how corruption influences the media in Nigeria?

A
The Nigerian government only allows international organizations to cover stories that the government deems appropriate.
B
Some journalists are paid to write positive stories about government officials or to stop negatives stories from being published.
C
There is only one state newspaper, and people have to bribe the editors to get stories published in it.
D
The Nigerian government heavily censors the Internet and removes all negative stories about the president.

B
Some journalists are paid to write positive stories about government officials or to stop negatives stories from being published.

The author's claim regarding the significance of the Nigeria's Middle Belt is tied to which of the following features of Nigerian elections?

A
Presidential candidates must win a majority of the national popular vote, making the densely populous Middle Belt decisive in Nigerian elections.
B
To win the presidency, candidates must get at least a plurality of votes nationwide with at least 25% of the vote in two-thirds of the states.
C
The Middle Belt states are traditionally swing states that carry the decisive electoral votes in the Nigerian electoral college.
D
To win the presidency, candidates must get a majority of the votes of at least one-half of the ethnic groups in Nigeria.

B
To win the presidency, candidates must get at least a plurality of votes nationwide with at least 25% of the vote in two-thirds of the states.

The religious and ethnic characteristics cited by the author have resulted in a Nigerian electoral system characterized by

A
mandatory voting in national elections but not in local elections
B
a constitutional mandate requiring the regional rotation of the presidency
C
rules for presidential elections that seek to give the winner a mandate to govern
D
dominance of state institutions by the ethnic majority in every election

C
rules for presidential elections that seek to give the winner a mandate to govern

The religious and ethnic differences cited by the author are important for understanding Nigerian politics because

A
all political parties are based on religion or ethnic cleavages
B
they have challenged the legitimacy of the government over time
C
multiethnic countries have more corruption than do homogeneous societies
D
democratic consolidation does not occur in ethnically diverse countries

B
they have challenged the legitimacy of the government over time

Which of the following is a difference in the outcome of the distribution of seats in the United Kingdom and Nigeria in 2018?

A
The majority party in each country controlled the legislature and formed a government which dominated policy-making.
B
A coalition of political parties governed in the United Kingdom, and a single-party majority controlled the legislature in Nigeria.
C
In both countries small parties received a large percentage of the vote but were awarded relatively few seats in the legislature.
D
In the United Kingdom a hung parliament was unable to choose a chief executive, while in Nigeria the APC had a majority and was able to appoint the

B
A coalition of political parties governed in the United Kingdom, and a single-party majority controlled the legislature in Nigeria.

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B
A coalition of political parties governed in the United Kingdom, and a single-party majority controlled the legislature in Nigeria.

Which of the following is an implication for the ruling coalition in the House of Commons that is not found in the House of Representatives?

A
The coalition government in the House of Commons will have to accommodate the interests of two parties in governing and policy making, which is not the case in the House of Representatives, where one party has a majority.
B
The coalition government in the House of Commons will have to coordinate policies with the House of Lords to get a majority, and the ruling party in the House of Representatives does not have to coordinate policies to get a majority.
D
The coalition government in the House of Commons consists of parties with similar platforms and will not face challenges from other parties until the next elections, unlike in the House of Representatives, where there are constant threats from small parties.

A
The coalition government in the House of Commons will have to accommodate the interests of two parties in governing and policy making, which is not the case in the House of Representatives, where one party has a majority.

Which of the following is an implication for the governing parties in the Nigerian House of Representatives and Britain's House of Commons?

A
There is a much greater likelihood of a vote of no confidence and early elections in Nigeria's House of Representatives than in Britain's House of Commons.
B
Gridlock is more likely a result of divided government in Nigeria while in Britain gridlock would result from disagreements among the coalition partners.
C
Members of Britain's House of Commons. are more likely to work with the president to pass legislation than are members of the Nigerian House of Representatives
D
Policy making will likely be more straightforward in the House of Representatives than in the House of Commons due to the threat of the prime minister's veto power.

B
Gridlock is more likely a result of divided government in Nigeria while in Britain gridlock would result from disagreements among the coalition partners.

Which of the following would be a realization of the authors' fear of a Mexican presidency inspired by the corporatism of the past?

A
Increased political polarization caused by more aggressive interest group activism from groups of the far left and far right
B
Privatization of state-owned corporations which would result in foreign ownership of natural resources.
C
The repeal of restrictions on corporate contributions to political campaigns and the return to a less transparent electoral system
D
An increasingly interventionist state that controls access to policy making through the use of state-sanctioned groups

D
An increasingly interventionist state that controls access to policy making through the use of state-sanctioned groups

Which of the following is an implication of the argument in the passage?

A
If Obrador wins the election, citizens will have less influence in government.
B
If Obrador wins the election, Mexico will become a consolidated democracy.
C
If Obrador loses the election, businesses and the Mexican economy will suffer.
D
If Obrador loses the election, basic services for many Mexican citizens will end.

A
If Obrador wins the election, citizens will have less influence in government.

According to the passage, which of the following explains how agricultural groups would be affected by an Obrador victory?

A
Agricultural groups would be more likely to be responsive to citizens' demands.
B
Agricultural groups would be less likely to receive state subsidies from the national government.
C
Agricultural groups would be less independent from the state.
D
Agricultural groups would be more likely to use grassroots lobbying methods.

C
Agricultural groups would be less independent from the state.

In which of the following pairs of countries are the representatives of the lower house of the legislature chosen exclusively through elections in single-member districts?

A
Russia and Iran
B
The United Kingdom and Mexico
C
Mexico and Nigeria
D
Nigeria and the United Kingdom

D
Nigeria and the United Kingdom

Which of the following features do the Russian and Mexican electoral systems have in common?

A
Both systems seek to limit party competition through the use of proportional representation in legislative elections.
B
Both systems feature a hybrid method for lower-house legislative elections, using both single-member districts and proportional representation for legislative seats.
C
Both systems use proportional representation for elections to the lower house of the legislature and single-member districts for elections to the upper house of the legislature.
D
Both systems provide for the selection of the upper house of the national legislature by regional or state governments.

B
Both systems feature a hybrid method for lower-house legislative elections, using both single-member districts and proportional representation for legislative seats.

Which of the following is a true statement concerning representation of demographic groups in legislatures of the AP Comparative Government and Politics countries?

A
The British House of Commons reserves seats for regional parties from Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, while Nigeria reserves seats in the House of Representatives for Muslims from the north.
B
Both the Russian Duma and the Chinese National People's Congress reserve a specific number of seats in their legislature for religious minorities from autonomous regions.
C
Mexico's Chamber of Deputies uses gender quotas in party lists to increase female representation in the legislature, while Iran's Majles reserves a specific number of seats for religious minorities.

C
Mexico's Chamber of Deputies uses gender quotas in party lists to increase female representation in the legislature, while Iran's Majles reserves a specific number of seats for religious minorities.

Which of the following accurately compares how political parties operate in different countries?

A
In Mexico, parties are required to form coalitions within government, while in the United Kingdom, coalitions are prohibited.
B
In Russia, one party is given power by the constitution, while in Iran, parties are merely loosely formed alliances.
C
In Nigeria, federalism has led multiple parties to form with regional backing, while in China, one party has controlled the government consecutively since 1949.
D
In the United Kingdom, a dominant-party system operates within a parliamentary system, while in Russia, proportional representation has led to a multiple-party system.

C
In Nigeria, federalism has led multiple parties to form with regional backing, while in China, one party has controlled the government consecutively since 1949.

Which of the following accurately compares how party systems affect citizen participation?

A
In China, support for alternatives to the Chinese Communist Party is strongly discouraged by the state, while in the United Kingdom, the two major parties have undermined citizen participation.
B
In Russia, a dominant party discourages participation except in support of the dominant party, while in Mexico, competitive national elections have encouraged citizen participation.
C
In Iran, free and fair elections have occurred despite a lack of formal parties, while in Nigeria, a two-party system discourages citizen participation.
D
In the United Kingdom, there are no political parties that discourage participation, while in Iran, a dominant-party system increases partic

B
In Russia, a dominant party discourages participation except in support of the dominant party, while in Mexico, competitive national elections have encouraged citizen participation.

Which of the following best explains a difference in minor-party representation in two countries studied in the AP Comparative Government and Politics course?

A
Minor and regional parties in the United Kingdom may win elections and become part of the government, whereas in China the Communist Party prevents minor parties from gaining any real power.
B
Minor parties are allowed in Iran because members are vetted by the Guardian Council, whereas in Mexico minor parties represent primarily Catholics in the north.
C
In Russia minor parties are supported largely by anti-Putin activists, whereas in Nigeria minor parties are promoted by Nigeria's constitution.
D
In Mexico minor parties have led to gridlock, whereas in Nigeria the proliferation of minor parties have led to polarization.

A
Minor and regional parties in the United Kingdom may win elections and become part of the government, whereas in China the Communist Party prevents minor parties from gaining any real power.