Internal Medicine Flashcard

Levine sign

Clenching of the fist held against the sternum

Marfan syndrome

High arched palate

Loeys-Dietz Syndrome

Bifid uvula

Tangiers disease

Orange Tonsils

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Blue sclerae

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)

Non-tender, slightly raised hemorrhages on palms and soles

Osler nodes

Tender, raised nodules on the pads of the fingers and toes

Homan sign

Calf pain elicited on active dorsiflexion of the foot against resistance

Jugular venous pressure

Most important bedside measurement to estimate the volume status of a patient

a wave

Represent RA presystolic contraction

Reduces RV Compliance

Prominent a wave

Kussmaul sign

Refers to the rise of lach of fall of the JVP during inspiration

Abdominojugular reflux test

Sustained rise of >3cm in JVP for at least 15 seconds after performing firm and consistent pressure over the upper abdomen

Severe aortic stenosis

Pulsus parvus et tardus

Chest radiograph

12L ECG

Best initial step in the assessment of grade I or grade II and midsystolic murmur (2)

Myoglobin

First biomarker increasing in MI

Pump failure

Most common inpatient complication of STEMI

Ventricular fibrillation

MNost common outpatient complication of STEMI

7-10 days after STEMI

Cardiac troponin remain elevated for

48-72 hours

CK-MB return to normal

Tuberculosis

Most common cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis in developing nations

Pericardial friction rub

Pathognomoniv finding in acute pericarditis

Mitral regurgitation

Most common valvular abnormality caused by rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever

Predominant cause of mitral stenosis

Hemorrhage

Most frequent and potentially most serious complication of thrombolysis

Cilostazol

First line agent for symptom control of claudication in PAD

Centrilobular emphysema

Type of emphysema associated with smoking, involving the upper lobes and superior segments of the lower lobes.

Panlobular emphysema

Types of emphysema associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, involving the lower lobes prominently

Paraseptal emphysema

Type of emphysema associated with inflammation, distributed along pleural margins

Smoking

Major risk factor of COPD

cough

Sputum production

Exertional dyspnea

3 most common symptoms of COPD

Wasting

Independent prognostic factor in COPD

Hoover sign

Paradoxical inward movement of the ribcage during inspiration

Atopy

Major risk factor of asthma

House dust mites

Most common allergen causing perennial asthma

All beta blockers, aspirin

Contraindicated drugs in asthma

Anaphylaxis

Most common side effects Of Omalizumab

3 months

Asthma controlled is assessed every

Pulmonary embolism

Most commonly overlooked cause of undiagnosed pleural effusion

Soft Palate

Most common site of airway collapse on OSA

Proliferative Phase

Most patient with ARDS recover and are liberated from mechanical ventilation at this phase

Pneumonia

Most common infection causing sepsis in the hospital

Gram negative bacteria

Most common type of isolate when blood culture is done among septic patients

Diarrheal disease

Most common infecion causing sepsis worldwide

PPIs

First line agent for proophylaxis stress-induced mucosal injury in critically ill patients

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia across all ages

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Causes “currant jelly” sputum

Legionella spp

Associated with stay in hotel or cruise ship for the past 2 weeks

Staphyloccocus aureus

Most common associated etiology of pneumonia after local influenza infection

Lungs

Most commonly involved organ in tuberculosis

Lymphadenitis

Most common form of extrapulmonary TB

Ghon focus

In PTB, peripheral parenchymal lesion (w/ or w/out pleural lesion)

Ghon Complex

In PTB, Ghon focus + regional lympadenopathy

Ranke complex

In PTB, healed (calcified) Ghon complex

Pyrazinamide

Most hepatotoxic anti-TB mediation

Ethambutol

anti-TB medication causing optic neuritis

Pyrazinamide

anti-TB medication causing hyperuricemia

Fever

Only symptomatology that is consistent and adequate to designate UTI as pyelonephritis

Empiric antibiotic treatment

Most effective approach in the management of uncomplicated UTI