AAH Modern Exam #4

Schindler/Chance House (King’s Road House)

• Rudolph Schindler: from Vienna, Austria - part of the secession movement

• Located in West Hollywood, CA

• influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright - from fireplace in center of the home and pinwheel design outward

• local materials used, especially cedar

• they hosted lots of parties there

• now a museum and cultural center

Lovell Beach House

• 19233

• Rudolph Schindler

• Newport Beach, right outside of LA

• tilt slab construction for the foundation of the building

• has a rooftop deck

Lovell House

• 1927

• Richard Neutra

• did not hire Rudolph Schindler because he had an affair with his wife

• the whole house is suspended by a concrete foundation

• fireplace in center - similar to FLR

Eames House

• 1945

• Charles Eames - worked with his wife

• house is located about 100 yards from ocean, and set in a bed of eucalyptus trees

• double story living room to gather people, which they often did

Glass House

• 1949

• located in New Canaan, CT

• Philip Johnson

• intended to construct with glass walls, as a symbol and statement of his transparency and openness of his identity

• series of pavilions and follies (small scale buildings) on the property including a guest house constructed almost entirely of brisk, and an underground art gallery with revolving partitions

United Nations Headquarters

• 1947

• based almost entirely on Le Corbusier’s initial design, though he never gained any recognition for it

• white Vermont marble

• first building to have self-cleaning glass windows

• interior has a quite Baroque design

Lever House

• 1951

• New York City

• you can walk through the ground level

Falling Water

• Frank Lloyd Wright

• Bear Run, Pennsylvania

• as story goes, it took him 2 hours to put his ideas on paper for this house while the owner was on his way there

• the building is constructed out of local quarried stone

• nestles on top the creek with crystalline looking rocks in the bed of the creek

• a lot of vertical slats in interior to mimic tree trunks on the exterior

Broadacre City

• 1934

• Frank Lloyd Wright

• a socialism community with centers, such as an art center

Johnson Wax

• 1936

• Frank Lloyd Wright

• the core appears to look like a tree a night

• designed to combine natural and artificial light

• (modern day global headquarters of SC Johnson)

Taliesin West

• Frank Lloyd Wright

• responsive to natural materials and similar to Native American style architecture

• angled ceiling to control the intense Arizona sun

• unpaid interns had to design their own homes to live in out in the desert

Guggenheim Museum

• Frank Lloyd Wright

• the building was still unfinished when he died, after working on it for about 20 years

• he wanted the structure to be an art form that was similar to the modern and contemporary art that it housed

• intended for people to take the elevator up and then travel down the ramp on the way down

Unité d’Habitation

• Le Corbusier

• apartment complex that can house around ——— people

• constructed out of rough form concrete - French call it beton brute, where the word Brutalism comes from

• all the rooms have one horizontal brise soleil

• rooftop pool on the rooftop terrace for kids to play in

Notre Dame at Ronchamp

Chandigarh

Shodhan House

• 1956

• built for Shodhan, a wealthy member of the mill owners association in India

• Le Corbusier

Carpenter Center

• 1959

• Le Corbusier

• beton brute and brise soleil elements included

• designed to be able to see art students working on their projects from the outside

Turun Sanomat

• 1927

• Alvar Aalto

• large city in Finland

Paimio Sanatorium

• 1929

• Alvar Aalto

• tuberculosis sanatorium to help the sick recover, common in Europe at the time

• elements of the Bauhaus (ribbon window, international style) combined with responses to the vernacular style of the region

• the building consists of various undulating, organic forms relating to the landscape and bodies of water

Finnish Pavilion

• 1939

• Alvar Aalto

• built for a world’s fair in New York

• contains a restaurant and an observatory platform on the interior

• this work made him very famous in America and caused him to return about a decade later

Villa Mairea

• considered to be Alvar Aalto’s masterpiece

• he was given an unlimited budget

• windows angles to south to take advantage of the light

• utilized various woods and granites that were locally quarried

• undulating pool and promenade deck in the back yard

Baker House

• Alvar Aalto

• Cambridge, Massachusetts

• dormitory for MIT on the Charles River

• the building undulates to mimic the natural form of the river

• every room is given a diagonal view across the river

• constructed of bricks

Helsinki Technological University

• Alvar Aalto

• Southeast Finland

• laboratory on the campus that doubles as a theater

• clearstory windows above, to allow light into the building

• terraced landscape

Säynätsalo Town Hall

• Alvar Aalto

• this structure includes three government buildings located on a hill

• the rooflines’ angles all line up from a certain point in the courtyard to feel like you’re in one building —> idea taken from Michaelangelo

• materials include rough bricks, wooden slats, and porcelain roof tiles

Vuoksenniska Church

• Alvar Aalto

• “Church of the Three Crosses”

• unlimited budget project for Aalto

• he was obsessed with light patterns at this point in his career; there are 49 different shaped windows, which had to be custom made

• the interior is filled with forms from patterns of sound waves he got from acoustical performances he experimented on with in the space

Yale Art Gallery

• 1951

• Louis Kahn

• Located in New Haven, CT

• Based on simple geometry -triangle parti (Has a triangle stairwell)

• it was said that this building marked the death of the international style due to just a quotation of such style in the design

Jonas Salk Institute

• Louis Kahn

• Research building

• Water trough going through the center, looks out to the Pacific Ocean 

• Constructed out of concrete and local teakwood

Richards Medical Center

• Louis Kahn

• Research hospital

• Appeared on the cover of the architectural record magazine and said to be the most important building at the time

• Consists of alternating vertical brick towers and glass & concrete towers → inspired by an Italian village’s medieval towers

Indian Institute of Management

• Louis Kahn

• it is said to be the best business school in India

• symbol of progressive economics in Indian society at the time

• design inspired by the ruins of the Basilica Maxentius

National Assembly Hall

• Louis Kahn

• Dhaka, Bangladesh

• parliament building

• designed to look like an ancient ruin - therefore it didn’t get bombed during the end of the war at the time

• it is laid out in the form of a mandala

Kimbell Art Museum

• Louis Kahn

• Fort Worth, Texas

• inspired by the form of the Roman warehouse

• based on the plan of the Palladian villa

• constructed out of a combination of concrete and travertine

Castelvecchio

• Carlo Scarpa

• located in Verona, Italy

• museum

• one area where steel beams inserted into an old part of the building for structural purposes, creates a hinge of old and new

Querini Stampalia

• Carlo Scarpa

• Venice, Italy

• there is an arch bridge to lead to entrance due to it being located on a canal

• labyrinth inside the at leads you up and down multiple levels → some believe to be the original architecture that symbolizes the cycle of life

Brion Tomb

• Carlo Scarpa

• cemetery located outside of Venice

Casa del Girasole

• “sunflower house”

• Located in Rome

• Built for a film director 

• Quotations of  Le Corbusier with the ribbon windows  

• Windows are angled to south 

Vanna Venturi House

• Located in Chestnut Hill, PA

• Designed for his mother

• First house that he designed

• Stairs that go nowhere

La Rinascente

• Located in Florence 

• Roman brickwork 

• Turned the whole building inside out-manerist

Pompidou Center

• Named after to president of France at the time

• The whole building is inside out → HVAC and circulation is on the exterior

• Technopop architecture

• Houses contemporary art

Modena Cemetery

• In central Italy

• Crematorium in the center

• Most people are not buried in the ground because the ground is too “soggy”

• Believed that architecture should only contribute to the economics of the region

Teatro del Mundo

• Functions as a theater

• Located in Venice Italy

• On a barge that floats up and down the river

Barenholtz Pavilion

• First house he built

• 9 square grid exercise 

• Was known as a cardboard architect before he built anything

• Odd column in corner that doesn't support anything

Wexner Center

• Arts building at Ohio State University

• Named after a senator in Ohio

• Building is set to the city grid rather than the universities grid

• Old buildings are interwoven into his design

Gehry House

• Icon of post modernism 

• Architecture of excess/represents American excess

• Industrial and waste materials 

• Wanted to expose the architecture- not cover it up