electricity

Neutral

Charge of atoms

Charged atom

Imbalanced electrons and proton due to electron exchange

Static electricity

Stationary build up of charge on the surface of a material (wants to return to ewuilibrium)

Free/ valence electrons

Electrons that are free to move

Contact induced

Neutral objects rubbed together to create friction which facilitate electrons transfer

Charge induced

Neutral objects comes close to charged objects so the like charges repel, polarising the neutral object

Discharge

If Charge builds up electrons can be released (lightning, batteries)

Insulators

Materials with less valence electrons and resist currents (rubber)

Conductors

Matter with lots valence electrons that allows currents to pass

Currents

Movement of charge, moving electrons that carry energy that turns into other forms as electricity passes

Energy source

Battery/outlet

Energy user

Globe/device

Conventional flow

From positive to negative terminal

Electrons flow

Actual flow of current from negative to positive terminal

Amperes

Used to measure current(I) flowing through a point per second

Direct current(DC)

Electrons flow along wire in same direction (battery, steady, less efficient)

Alternating current (AC)

Electrons go back and forth along wire (outlet) but energy travels forward through electromagnetic fields

Ammeter

Measures current in amperes

Voltage

Measured in volts. The amount of energy supplied to charges by source, pushing electrons from the negative to positive terminal, pushing electrons, making the current

Voltmeter

Compares energy of electrons before vs after passing a point (also measures energy across a battery)

Resistance

How difficult it is for a current to flow through a material/ component (R)

Resistors

Components with known resistance that ensures other components get desired voltage

Series circuit

Circuit with 1 path, 1 loop, voltage divided among components, resistance adds

Parallel circuit

Multiple paths for current to flow, total current divided among branches, total R<1 resistor

Ohm's law

Electric potential (voltage) creates a flow of electricity (current)

Electric potential

Amount of work needed to move a unit of charge (charged particles) from one point to another

Cell

Light

Voltage supply

Switch