science

What is health?

A state of physical, mental, and social well-being.

What is disease?

A condition that disrupts normal body function.

What is hygiene?

Practices that maintain cleanliness and health.

Name 4 categories of disease.

Hereditary, deficiency, physiological, pathogenic.

What is a hereditary disease?

A disease passed through genes.

Give an example of a hereditary disease.

Sickle cell anemia.

What is a deficiency disease?

A disease caused by lack of nutrients.

Give an example of a deficiency disease.

Rickets.

What is a physiological disease?

A disease caused by organ malfunction.

Give an example of a physiological disease.

Diabetes.

What is a pathogenic disease?

A disease caused by pathogens.

Name 4 pathogens.

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa.

Why is a clean environment important?

It reduces disease and promotes health.

What controls cell activities?

Nucleus.

What surrounds and protects the cell?

Cell membrane.

What produces energy?

Mitochondria.

What contains the cell organelles?

Cytoplasm.

What stores food and water?

Vacuole.

What makes proteins?

Ribosomes.

What packages proteins?

Golgi body.

What digests waste materials?

Lysosome.

What transports materials through the cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum.

What makes ribosomes?

Nucleolus.

What is the function of red blood cells?

Transport oxygen.

What is the function of white blood cells?

Fight infection.

What is the function of platelets?

Blood clotting.

What is the function of sensory neurons?

Carry messages to the CNS.

What is the function of motor neurons?

Carry messages from CNS to muscles.

What is the function of skeletal muscles?

Voluntary movement.

What is the function of smooth muscles?

Involuntary movement.

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

Pumps blood.

What is the function of bone cells?

Build and maintain bones.

What is the function of sperm cells?

Fertilize egg.

What is the function of egg cells?

Female reproductive cell.

Cells combine to form what?

Tissues.

Tissues combine to form what?

Organs.

Organs combine to form what?

Organ systems.

Organ systems combine to form what?

Organism.

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

Support, protection, movement.

What is cartilage?

Flexible connective tissue.

What is a ligament?

Connects bone to bone.

What is a tendon?

Connects muscle to bone.

What is a fracture?

Broken bone.

What is a dislocation?

Bone forced out of joint.

What is a sprain?

Torn or stretched ligament.

What is rickets?

Soft bones caused by vitamin D deficiency.

What is arthritis?

Inflammation of joints.

What is the function of incisors?

Cutting food.

What is the function of canines?

Tearing food.

What is the function of premolars?

Crushing food.

What is the function of molars?

Grinding food.

Why are teeth important?

Increase surface area for digestion.

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Break down food and absorb nutrients.

Where does digestion begin?

Mouth.

What moves food to the stomach?

Esophagus.

What is peristalsis?

Muscular contractions that move food.

What is the function of the stomach?

Digests food using acid and enzymes.

What is the main site of nutrient absorption?

Small intestine.

What is the function of the large intestine?

Absorbs water.

What is the function of the liver?

Produces bile.

What is the function of the pancreas?

Produces digestive enzymes.

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Stores bile.

What are enzymes?

Proteins that speed up reactions.

Why are enzymes important?

They speed up digestion.

What is an active site?

Area where substrate binds.

What is detoxification?

Removal of harmful substances.

What is bile used for?

Digesting fats.

What is deamination?

Removal of amino groups from amino acids.

What is nutrition?

Study of how food helps the body.

Name the six nutrients.

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water.

What is the main source of energy?

Carbohydrates.

What is the function of protein?

Growth and repair.

What is the function of fats?

Energy storage and organ protection.

What is the function of water?

Transport nutrients and regulate temperature.

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K.

What are water-soluble vitamins?

B and C.

What is the function of calcium?

Strong bones and teeth.

What is the function of iron?

Carries oxygen in blood.

What is the function of potassium?

Muscle and nerve function.

What is the function of iodine?

Thyroid function.

What are the four components of blood?

Plasma, RBCs, WBCs, platelets.

What is the function of plasma?

Transport materials.

What is serum?

Plasma without clotting factors.

Why are platelets important?

Blood clotting.

What blood types exist?

A, B, AB, O.

What does Rh mean?

Positive or negative blood factor.

What is the function of arteries?

Carry blood away from heart.

What is the function of veins?

Carry blood to heart.

What is the function of capillaries?

Gas exchange.

Why are artery walls thick?

To handle high pressure.

Why do veins have valves?

Prevent backflow.

What is the function of the heart?

Pump blood.

What is oxygenated blood?

Blood rich in oxygen.

What is deoxygenated blood?

Blood rich in carbon dioxide.

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Fights infection and returns tissue fluid to blood.

What cells are produced by the lymphatic system?

Lymphocytes.

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Gas exchange.

What is respiration?

Release of energy from food.

What is pleural fluid?

Fluid reducing friction around lungs.

What produces sound?

Larynx.