energy and matter

Energy is the ability of a system to cause change. Energy comes in many forms, including XX XX (energy of motion), XX XX (stored energy), XX energy, and XX energy.

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be XX or XX; it can only be XX from one form to another.

For example, the chemical energy stored in gasoline (octane) is converted into thermal energy in a car engine, which is then converted into mechanical energy that moves the car.

Energy is the ability of a system to cause change. Energy comes in many forms, including kinetic energy (energy of motion), potential energy (stored energy), chemical energy, and nuclear energy.

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another.

For example, the chemical energy stored in gasoline (octane) is converted into thermal energy in a car engine, which is then converted into mechanical energy that moves the car.

Matter is anything that has XX and takes up XX. Matter can be classified as either a XX XX or a XX.

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture.

A pure substance contains only XX type of matter and can be either:

Element – a substance made of only XX type of XX.

Compound – a substance made of XX or more XX chemically XX together.

A pure substance contains only one type of matter and can be either:

Element – a substance made of only one type of atom.

Compound – a substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded together.

A mixture contains XX or more substances physically combined together and can be either:

Homogeneous mixture – the XX throughout; you cannot see the different parts (e.g., XX XX).

Heterogeneous mixture – XX throughout; you can see the different parts (e.g., XX).

A mixture contains two or more substances physically combined together and can be either:

Homogeneous mixture – the same throughout; you cannot see the different parts (e.g., salt water).

Heterogeneous mixture – different throughout; you can see the different parts (e.g., pizza).

Matter

Matter is anything that has XX and takes up XX. Energy can be converted into XX, and matter can be converted back into XX.

Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Energy can be converted into matter, and matter can be converted back into energy.

Types of Matter

Matter can be classified into two main categories:

1. XX XX

2. XX

Types of Matter

Matter can be classified into two main categories:

1. Pure Substances

2. Mixtures

Pure Substances

A pure substance consists of only XX type of XX and has a uniform composition throughout. There are two types of pure substances: XX and XX

Pure Substances

A pure substance consists of only one type of matter and has a uniform composition throughout. There are two types of pure substances:elements and compounds

1. Elements

• Elements are the XX forms of XX

• They XX be XX down into simpler substances by chemical means.

• Each element is represented by a square on the XX XX

• Examples: Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Gold (Au).

1. Elements

• Elements are the simplest forms of matter.

• They cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

• Each element is represented by a square on the periodic table.

• Examples: Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Gold (Au).

2. Compounds

• Compounds are substances formed when XX or more elements are XX XX together.

• The elements combine in XX XX.

• example:hydrogen+ oxygen=H20

2. Compounds

• Compounds are substances formed when XX or more elements are XX XX together.

• The elements combine in XX XX.

• example:hydrogen+ oxygen=H20

Mixtures

A mixture is a combination of XX or more substances that are XX XX rather than XX XX, Most matter in the universe exists as XX.

There are two types of mixtures:

XX Mixtures and XX Mixtures

Mixtures

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are physically combined rather than chemically bonded. Most matter in the universe exists as mixtures.

There are two types of mixtures: Homogeneous Mixtures, Heterogeneous Mixtures

1. Homogeneous Mixtures

• The prefix homo- means "XX."

• A homogeneous mixture has a XX appearance throughout.

• The different substances cannot be easily XX.

• Example: Salt water. Once the salt dissolves completely, the mixture looks the same throughout and the salt particles are no longer visible.

1. Homogeneous Mixtures

• The prefix homo- means "same."

• A homogeneous mixture has a uniform appearance throughout.

• The different substances cannot be easily seen.

• Example: Salt water. Once the salt dissolves completely, the mixture looks the same throughout and the salt particles are no longer visible.

2. Heterogeneous Mixtures

• The prefix hetero- means "XX."

• A heterogeneous mixture does not have a XX appearance.

• Different parts of the mixture can be XX

• Example: Pizza. You can clearly see the cheese, pepperoni, sauce, and crust as separate components.

2. Heterogeneous Mixtures

• The prefix hetero- means "different."

• A heterogeneous mixture does not have a uniform appearance.

• Different parts of the mixture can be seen.

• Example: Pizza. You can clearly see the cheese, pepperoni, sauce, and crust as separate components.

Classification of Matter

Matter

• Pure Substances

  • XX

  • XX

• Mixtures

  • Homogeneous Mixtures-XX throughout

  • Heterogeneous Mixtures- XX throughout

Classification of Matter

Matter

• Pure Substances

  • Elements

  • Compounds

• Mixtures

  • Homogeneous Mixtures-same throughout

  • Heterogeneous Mixtures- different throughout

Matter:anything that has XX and takes up XX

pure substance: definite XX, constant properties between samples contains only XX type of particle. 

mixture: combination of XX or more XX, where each substance

retains its distinct identity. 

• contains 2+ different types of particles

• properties can vary from one mixture

to another

Matter:anything that has mass and takes up space

pure substance: definite composition, constant properties between samples contains only one type of particle. 

mixture: combination of 2 or more substances, where each substance

retains its distinct identity. 

• contains 2+ different types of particles

• properties can vary from one mixture

to another

Types of pure substances:

element: cannot be XX XX

further by XX means

- particle = atom: the smallest unit of

an element that still has the properties

of the element

Types of pure substances:

element: cannot be broken down

further by chemical means

- particle = atom: the smallest unit of

an element that still has the properties

of the element

compound: composed of 2+

XX joined together by

XX XX

- particle = molecule or formula

unit: smallest unit of compounds

compound: composed of 2+

elements joined together by

chemical bonds

- particle = molecule or formula

unit: smallest unit of compounds

Chemical Formulas

A chemical formula tells us:

Which XX are present in a substance.

How many XX of each element are present.

The XX of atoms in the substance.

Chemical Formulas

A chemical formula tells us:

Which elements are present in a substance.

How many atoms of each element are present.

The ratio of atoms in the substance.

Examples

Platinum = Pt

Contains only the element XX

Number of atoms: XX platinum atom.

Ratio: 1 Pt

Sulfuric Acid = H₂SO₄

Contains hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O).

Number of atoms:

H = 2

S = 1

O = 4

Ratio of atoms: 2 : 1 : 4

Examples

Platinum = Pt

Contains only the element platinum.

Number of atoms: 1 platinum atom.

Ratio: 1 Pt

Sulfuric Acid = H₂SO₄

Contains hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O).

Number of atoms:

H = 2

S = 1

O = 4

Ratio of atoms: 2 : 1 : 4

Law of Definite Composition: compounds always contain the same elements in the same proportion. 

Law of Definite Composition: compounds always contain the same elements in the same proportion. 

Matter separated into:

XX and XX XX

Pure substances split into:

XX and XX

Mixtures split into:

XX and XX

Matter separated into:

Mixtures and pure substances 

Pure substances split into:

Compound and elements 

Mixtures split into:

Heterogenous and homogeneous