civics eoc review

fart

Rule of law

No one is above the _____

Magna Carta

The Rule of Law originates from the _____, made in 1215

Tyranny (corrupt government)

The rule of law protects us from ______

Separation of Powers

The division of powers among the different branches of government.

Montesquieu’s ideas and enlightenment ideas

These ideas were natural law, social contract, and separation of powers

Age of Reason

Period in history from 1685 to 1815 characterized by dramatic revolutions in science, philosophy, society, and politics

Natural law

The concept that creates a set of rules people follow without being told to by a government

Natural rights

the concept that all human beings have basic rights like life, liberty, and property.

Social contract

An agreement among the people to set up a government and obey its laws

Taxation

Colonists were being taxed by the British government to solve their debt issues

Representation

policies were being made in the British government without and colonial representation in Parliament

Violation of individual rights

The colonists felt their rights were being violated

Sugar Act

placed a tax on sugar and other good like coffee, wine, and cloth

Stamp Act

placed a tax on legal documents, pamphlets, playing cards, licenses, newspapers, and insurance policies

Townshend Act

placed a tax on certain items, such as tea, paint, lead, glass, and paper imported from foreign countries

bias

a display of favor for or against someone or something; often seen as prejudicial

symbolism

the use of symbols to represent ideas

propaganda

information, especially biased or misleading, used to promote a particular political cause or point of view. It often aims to influence public opinion and can take various forms, including media, literature, or speeches.

interest groups

ANY association of individuals or organization, united by shared concern, attempts to influence public policy in its favor

watchdog

organizations that seek to watch over government institutions

lobbying

trying to persuade legislators to change legislation or existing laws

jurisdiction

legal authority a court has to hear a case

Trial courts

This kind of court includes 1 judge, a jury, witnesses, attorneys, and introduction of evidence

appellate court

Reviews a previous trial to check if it was constitutional or not, and has no jury

appeal

a challenge to a previous legal decision

Role of the constitution

outline the structure and function of government and protect the rights of people

The Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the US Constitution

The Second Amendment

states the right to keep and bear arms

The Fourth Amendment

protects a citizen’s right to privacy, unreasonable search and seizure, and more

Rights

claims that are protected by law

Government power is….

limited by the Constitution

Individual rights

These are rights that are guaranteed to every citizen that cannot be taken away

Suffrage

the right to vote in political election

Cyrus Cylinder

has been called “the first declaration of human rights”

The Code of Hammurabi

one of the oldest collections of laws dating back to 18 B.C.

Magna Carta

established the rule of law and all must follow the law

civil case

involves a legal dispute between two or more parties

plaintiff

the private party filing the suit

defendant

the party the suit is being filed against

Quartering Act

required that British soldiers be quartered in public and commercial properties at the owner’s expense

Declaratory Act

gave Parliament the power to pass laws and enact taxes on the colonies

No taxation without representation

The colonists believed taxes and other policies like these should only be passed by their colonial legislatures

The British ________

ignored demands and pushed back against the trade ban causing fighting to break out

This person led the army in the Revolutionary War

George Washington

Declaration of Independence

Stated why the colonists decided to fight for independence

Oppression

cruel or unjust treatment or control

Petitioned

make or present a formal request to an authority with respect to a particular cause

Redress

to remedy or set right

Preamble

similar to an introduction

Declaration of rights

Explanation of all the rights taken from you

Bill of Indictment

longest section, has complaints

Statement of independence

all the things you can now do