Ketosis & fatty liver disease PQs | Quizlet

Ketosis causes

**Sudden decrease in food intake- negative energy balance leads to intense adipose mobilisation & ⬆️ glucose demand & NEFA ⬆️ which can be oxidised to CO2 & ketones or Esterified to TAGS

1. Decreased feed intake- LDA, RDA, MAstitis and pneumonia etc

2. Cows over BCS of > 3.75 at calving greater risk

3. Most commonly few days/weeks after calving and MC in dairy breeds

Ketosis what samples do u take? How to diagnose

1. Urine & milk (more specific) using test strips

2. Clinical signs- not eating, dehydration, ⬇️ milk production, odour of ketones, nervous signs

3. Prescence of risk factors eg. early lactation

what are the values for subclinical ketosis

Above 1.2/3mmol/L and no symptoms, usually symptoms at 2.5-3mmol/L

Ketosis prevention

1. Improve nutritional management

2. Manage BCS in late lactation

3. Dont reduce BCS in dry period- Too late

4. Maintain and promote feed intake

5. Some feed additives like rumen protected choline or niacin

Treating ketosis

1. 20-40% glucose sol iv w 150-200 units insulin SC (if mild this should be enough)

2. Glucocorticoids eg. Dexamethosone 5-20mg/dose IM

3. Sodium propionate for rumen

4. Vit B1

5. Fluid rumen transfer

How does SG change in urine w ketosis

Causes dehydration so increased SG

Mucous mem in ketosis

1. Dry/sticky= dehydration

Blood test for ketosis

Ketone bodies increased = acetone & acetoacetate

Low glucose 20-40mg/dl

Fatty liver disease how to diagnose

*No signs that are unique to Fatty liver (see next card)

1. Copper Sulfate floatation test- Biopsy of liver(RS 10th IS) but in copper sulphate- if floats positive for fatty liver

2. ⬆️ GGT, LDH, AST, AP

3. ⬆️ Ketone bodies in urine

4. low blood-glucose

Fatty liver disease symptoms

*No signs that are unique to Fatty liver

1. Low milk production

2. Decreased bw rapidly

3. Innappetence & anorexia

4. Ruminal atony

5. Lethargic

6. Inactive

7. Neurological signs- not hyperactive like in ketosis, in fatty liver get weaker and weaker and head pushing

8. Death

Bloods

1. ⬆️ GGT, LDH, AST, AP

2. ⬆️ Ketone bodies in urine

3. low blood-glucose

Treatment of Fatty liver

* Usually not effective

1. 20-40% glucose sol IV w 150-200 units insulin SC

2. FLuid therapy

- Glucocorticoids eg. Dexamethosone 5-20mg/dose IM

- Propylene glycol (250-400g/dose, orally x2)

- Rumen fluid transfer

- Vit b

(if not effect w 3- 4 days= poor prognosis

Preventing Fatty Liver

1. Prevent negative energy balnce by

- Not Overconditioning cattle

- Rapid diet changes

- Unpalatable feeds

- Periparturient disease

- Environmental stress

2. Cow enter dry period at 3-3.5 BCS

3. Give propylene glycol 1st week after calving, when cow decreases food intake

Etiology of FAtty liver

1. Increase in TAGs

2. Slow rate of TAGs exported as lipoprotein