A. Marxism

Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple ___ and ___ societies, are based on ___ ___ between those who benefit from the ___ ___ and those who do not.

Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.

Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies (UK and US) as ___ ___, based on a ___ ___ of capitalists and a ___ ___ majority.

Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies (UK and US) as capitalist societies, based on a ruling class of capitalists and a working class majority.

Capitalists are people who own ___ or ___ and invest it in ___ ___ to make a profit.

Capitalists are people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit.

The working class are people who have little or no ___ and who therefore have to work for ___.

The working class are people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to work for wages.

Marx argued that this is an ___ and ___ ___ in which most of the profits created by businesses go to the ___ (or capitalists) while the labour to create this wealth is performed by ___ ___.

Marx argued that this is an unequal and exploitative system in which most of the profits created by businesses go to the owners (or capitalists) while the labour to create this wealth is performed by the workers.

Marx argued the working class would eventually become aware of their ___ position and would ___ capitalism and create a ___ ___.

Marx argued the working class would eventually become aware of their exploited position and would overthrow capitalism and create a communist society.

Marx argued in a communist society, the means of ___ (___, ___ and other businesses) would be taken over by the ___ and run for the benefit of everyone.

Marx argued in a communist society, the means of production (farms, factories and other businesses) would be taken over by the workers and run for the benefit of everyone.

The ___ includes all of the cultural institutions of society (families, ___ ___) and is shaped by the requirements of the ___, the economic system that provides for people’s ___ ___.

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society (families, education system) and is shaped by the requirements of the infrastructure, the economic system that provides for people’s material needs.