Attractions & Reactions

Atoms

The fundamental building blocks of all living things.

Arrangements of atoms

Determined by their attraction and interaction with each other.

Four elements

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen, which make up 96% of living organisms.

Salt and Calcium

Essential elements for the functioning of the nervous system.

Iron

Binds oxygen in the blood.

Oxygen

Forms two bonds in chemical compounds.

Carbon

Forms four bonds in chemical compounds.

Nitrogen

Forms three bonds in chemical compounds.

Hydrogen

Forms one bond in chemical compounds.

Lone pair

An extra attraction provided by certain atoms, such as oxygen and nitrogen.

Hydrogen ions

Formed when hydrogen loses an electron, becoming an H+ ion.

Ions

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons, creating points of attraction.

Forces

Interactions between atoms, including polar compounds and hydrogen bonding.

Polar compounds

Molecules where atoms have a slight attraction due to a difference in electronegativity.

Hydrogen bonding

Occurs when hydrogen is bonded to oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine near another oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom.

London forces

Attraction between the electrons of one atom and the nucleus of a neighboring atom.

Reactions

Dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis, and redox reactions.

Dehydration synthesis

The removal of water to form larger molecules.

Hydrolysis

The addition of water to break down molecules.

Redox reaction

Involves the movement of energy through the addition or removal of hydrogen or oxygen atoms.