Human Development 1

childhood-onset fluency disorder(stuttering)

substantial disruption in the rhythm and fleuncy of speech; the most common speech impairment

concrete operational stage

the period of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active, and appropriate, use of logic

decentering

the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into a account

meta memory

an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood

metalingustic awareness

an understanding of one’s own use of language

Wachsler intelligence scale for childern, 5th edition

a test for children that provides separate measures of verbal and performance(no nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score

Kaufman Assessment Battery for childern, 2nd edition

an intelligence test that measures childern’s ability to integrate different stimuli simultaneously and to use sequential thinking

triarchic theory of intelligence

Sterbverg’s theory that intelligence is made up of 3 major components: componential, experiential, and contextual

least restrictive environment

the setting that is most similar to that of children without special needs

mainstreaming

an educational approach in which exceptional children are integrated to the extent possible into the traditional educational system and are provided with a broad range of educational alternatives

formal operational stage

the period at which people develop the ability to think abstractly

information processing approach

the model that seeks to identify the way that indiviuals take in, use, and store info

metacognition

the knowledge that people gace about their own thinking processes and thier ability to monitor their cognition

identity-versus-identity-confusion stage

the period during whiich teenagers seek to determine what is uniqe about themselves

Erikson’s stages

identity achievement

the status of adolescents who commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which they consider various alternatives

identity foreclosure

The status of adolescents who prematurely commit to an identity without exploring all options

moretorium

the status of adolescents who may have explored some identities to some degree, but not committed yet

identity diffusion

the status of adolescents who consider various idenity alternatives, but never come to one or never even consider idenity options

coregulation

A period in which parents and children jointly control children’s behavoir

Blended family

Remarried couples who have at least one stepchild living with them

industry-versus-inferiority stage

according to Erik Erikson, the period from age 6 to 12 characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world

Dominance Hieracrchy

rankings that represent the relative socail power of those in a group

status

The evaluation of a role or person by other relevant members of a group

Social competence

the collection of soical skills that permit indidvuals to do well in social settings

menarche

the onset of menstruation

primary sex characteristics

characteristics associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly relate to reproduction

secondary sex characteristics

the visible signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve the sex organs

senescene

the natural physical decline brought about by aging

psychoneuroimmunolgy

the study of the relationship among the brain, the immune system, and psychological factors

primary appraisal

The assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral

secondary appraisal

The assessment of whether one’s coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the potential stressor

postformal thought

thinking that acknowledges that adult predicament must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms

acquisitive stage

According to Schaie, the first stage of cognitive development, encompassing all of childhood and adolescence

Achieving stage

The point reached by young adults at which intelligence is applied to specific situations

responsible stage

the stage where the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting family

executive stage

the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than previously, including concerns about the world

reintegrative stage

The period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning

triarchic theory of intelligence

Sternberg’s theory that ntelligence is made up of three major components: componential, experienmental, and contextual