CSD433 Exam 1

T/F: One of the most harmful effects of hearing loss is the inability to converse with individuals during everyday activity.

True

T/F: Aural rehab can involve communication partners.

True

T/F: The impact of hearing loss is invisible.

False

T/F: The effects of hearing loss will be the same for all individuals with moderate hearing loss.

False

T/F: An example of an activity limitation is a person with hearing loss avoiding noisy restaurants.

False

T/F: An aural rehab program should include both the patient and the communication partner, if possible.

True

T/F: A teacher for the deaf can provide AR services.

True

T/F: Conducting an electronic database search is an example of finding evidence to answer a question when using the five-step approach of evidence based practice.

True

T/F: Frequent communication partners can exert a significant effect on a patient's activities and participation.

True

According to the results from a 2004 study conducted by Hernandez and Amlani, which term did the majority of audiologists prefer for adults who receive services for their hearing loss?

Patients

Bob has a sloping mild-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss in his left ear and a flat, moderate mixed hearing loss in his right ear. His hearing loss would be described as:

asymmetrical

Which is not a parameter of hearing loss?

configuration

Speechreading training uses:

-only the visual channel

-both the visual and auditory channels

-only the auditory channel

-the visual, auditory, and tactile channels

-both the visual and auditory channels

Aural rehab can occur in:

-a speech and hearing clinic

-a hospital

-a nursing home

-all of the above

-all of the above

A postlingual hearing loss may begin around the age of:

5 years

Individuals who have hearing loss are underserved, in part because of:

-lack of audiologists

-lack of reimbursement policies for AR

-poor quality of hearing aids

-all of the above

-lack of reimbursement policies for AR

A ______ study is a study in which a group of patients exposed to a particular treatment is followed over time and is compared to an unexposed group.

Randomized controlled

The ______ variable is the factor or item measured in an experiment.

dependent

Who usually takes the lead role in developing an adult's aural rehabilitation plan and coordinating the services provided by other professionals?

Audiologist

A person with a PTA of 48 dB HL would be classified as having a _____ hearing impairment.

Moderate

To be considered profound hearing loss, a PTA must be poorer than _____dBHL.

90 dbHL

______ refers to how smoothly communication flows.

Conversational Fluency

The term __________ ___________________ ____________________ refers to a loss of function imposed by hearing loss or an inability to perform an activity.

Hearing-related deficiency

A ____________ _____________ is an effect of an activity limitation that results in a change in the broader scope of a patient's life, such as avoiding situations that will cause difficulties (noisy places, parties, and movies).

Participation restriction

The term ________ is used when the person receiving intervention services related to alleviating the problems associated with hearing loss is a child rather than an adult.

Aural habilitation

Currently, about _________ people in the United States have some degree of reduced hearing sensitivity.

31.5 million

The _________, passed in 1990, calls for equal access for all persons with disabilities.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

_______ is the relationship between the money spent and benefits accrued.

Cost-effectiveness

_________ is clinical decision making that is based on a review of the scientific evidence of benefits and costs of alternative forms of diagnosis or treatment.

Evidence-based practice

A _______ study determines the relationships between variables but does not permit causal interpretations.

Correlational correlation

The WHO labels the effects of hearing loss on the frequent communication partner as _______________________________.

Third-party disability

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (IFC) is a classification system that provides a __________ framework for describing and considering a health condition.

Biopsychosocial

Structured and unstructured listening practice

Auditory training

Assessment of hearing loss and speech recognition skills

Diagnosis

Communication training for a spouse, family member, or coworker

Frequent communication partner training

Explanation and dispensing of devices that supplement or replace a hearing aid

Provision of appropriate HATS

Teaching of strategies that enhance communication and minimize communication difficulties

Communication strategies training

Instruction about normal hearing, hearing loss, listening device technology, and other services

Informational and educational counseling

Can include stress management and relaxation techniques

Psychosocial support

Specialized training for other professionals on hearing loss

In-service training

Earwax

Cerumen

Congenitally small external ear

microtia

Inflammation of the middle ear

Otitis media

Caused by an obstruction within the outer or middle ear

Conductive loss

A common cause of childhood sensorineural hearing loss

Meningitis

Harmful to the structures of the inner ear and auditory nerve

Ototoxic drugs

Hearing loss that increases over time

Progressive hearing loss

Has a cochlear or retrocochlear origin

Sensorineural hearing loss

Short answer: List five personal factors that may influence the magnitude of a hearing-related disability.

-Gender

-Age

-Fitness

-Lifestyle

-Habits

-Social background

-Profession Family Coping styles

-Past and current experience

-Personality

-Values

-Preferences

-Knowledge

-Any other health conditions

Short answer: Define aural rehabilitation, including its goals, and what a typical aural rehabilitation plan for an adult may include.

Aural rehabilitation is aimed at restoring or optimizing a patient's participation in activities that have been limited as a result of hearing loss and also may be aimed at benefiting communication partners who engage in activities that include persons with hearing loss.

The goals of an aural rehabilitation plan include:

1. Alleviating the difficulties related to hearing loss

2. Minimizing the consequences of hearing loss

An aural rehabilitation plan for an adult may include:

1. Diagnosis and quantification of the hearing loss

2. Provision of appropriate listening devices

3. Communication strategies training

4. Counseling related to hearing loss

5. Assertiveness training

6. Psychosocial support

7. Counseling and instruction for family members, colleagues, or caretakers

Short answer: What should an AR program for children include that is not typically included in an adult AR program?

Speech and language therapy and academic achievement intervention

Describe the difference between a congenital hearing loss and an acquired hearing loss.

A congenital hearing loss is present at birth or during the birth process, and an acquired hearing loss is not present at birth but is noticed later, during childhood or adulthood.

Define perilingual hearing loss.

Perilingual hearing loss is a hearing loss acquired during the stage of spoken language.

List two reasons why AR can be expensive.

1. AR is labor-intensive and insurance usually does not reimburse the service.

2. Listening device technology is expensive.

Describe the difference between Medicare and Medicaid.

-Medicare is a program under the United States Social Security Administration that reimburses hospitals and physicians for medical care they provide to qualified people who are 65 years or older.

-Medicaid is a program in the United States authorized by Title XIX of the Social Security Act that is jointly funded by the federal government and state governments. It reimburses hospitals and physicians for providing health care to qualified people who cannot otherwise afford services.

Define clinical significance.

Clinical significance addresses whether an experimental result has practical meaning to either the patient or the clinician.

List the levels of evidence to support evidence-based practice treatment interventions from highest/most credible to lowest/least credible. (Adapted from ASHA, 2004)

-Systematic meta-analysis of more than one randomized controlled trial

-Well-designed randomized controlled trials

-Well-designed controlled trials without randomization

-Well-designed quasi-experimental studies; cohort studies

-Well-designed nonexperimental studies; correlational and case studies

-Expert committee report, consensus conference, and expert opinion-

Describe a randomized controlled trial in which speechreading is being assessed.

The following needs to be included:

1. Participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment or the control group.

2. The treatment group will receive speechreading training for X number of weeks.

3. The control groups receive no training.

4. Both groups receive a battery of tests (both before and after treatment).

5. The dependent variable is the participants' speechreading ability, which is what is being measured.

6. The independent variable is the speechreading training, which is the experimental factor.

List the five-step approach used in evidence-based practice.

1. Ask a straightforward question.

2. Find the best evidence to answer the question.

3. Critically assess the evidence and decide if the results pertain to your patient.

4. Integrate the evidence with your clinical judgment and the patient values and needs.

5. Evaluate the performance after having implemented your plan.

T/F: Young adults are at risk for hearing loss in part because of loud music and the use of earbuds.

True

T/F: It is likely that, by 2050, 50% of the U.S. population will be ethnically or racially diverse.

True

T/F: Barotrauma is related to water pressure.

True

T/F: The prevalence of tinnitus in the general adult population has been estimated at between 10% and 15%.

True

T/F: Most adults with hearing loss experience sudden hearing losses.

False

T/F: History of noise exposure does not seem to be a cause of a noise notch.

False

T/F: Research suggests that men are more likely to report a hearing loss.

False

T/F: The largest segment of adults who have hearing loss has mild or moderate sensorineural hearing loss.

True

T/F: According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), when delivering speech and hearing

services, the patient's culture should be considered static, not dynamic.

False

For every 1,000 Americans, how many speak a language other than English at home?

173

A patient-centered orientation designs rehabilitation services that are based on _______

A patient's background

According to Prince Market Research (2004), how many adults between the ages of 40 and 59 reported that they believed they had difficulty hearing?

49%

Of the following, which is the most common complaint made by individuals with hearing loss?

a. "I can hear people talk, but I can't understand what they say."

b. "All restaurants are too noisy."

c. "My spouse never speaks clearly or tries to help me understand."

d. "Little children are impossible to understand."

a. "I can hear people talk, but I can't understand what they say."

An individual's socioeconomic status is based largely on his or her ______

Occupation

A _________ orientation reduces hearing loss to the dimension of disease and illness and focuses on the organs

Biomedical

Which term refers to a societal belief that someone possesses an undesirable attribute and/or an undesirable characteristic?

Stigmatization

What condition is a type of dizziness in which the patient inappropriately experiences a sensation of motion, such as a spinning sensation while sitting?

Vertigo

_________________ is the feeling of responsibility and need to manage or oversee a situation or condition.

Ownership

LEP stands for ________ ______________ _______________________.

Limited English Profiency

The Latin word for tinnitus (tinnire) means to ____________________ or ____________________.

Ring, tinkle

The term for using time as a factor in determining the length of an interaction is _______

Clock-time

____________ are age ranges in which a hearing loss may have a varying impact.

Life stages

__________-__________ is process when propositions are pursued to natural conclusions, no matter how long the process may take.

Event time

Which life stage is associated with reassessing life decisions?

Thirties

Which life stage is associated with a career may be well established?

Fifties

Which life stage is associated with accepting financial responsibility for self

Young adulthood

Which life stage is associated with hearing loss leading to self-doubt about finding a life partner

Young adulthood

Which life stage is associated with clear signs of physical aging in self

Middle adulthood

Which life stage is associated with other problems related to aging that are intensified due to the hearing loss?

Late adulthood

Which life stage is associated with time is available to pursue leisure activities?

Fifties

Which life stage is associated with hearing loss leading to uncertainty about achieving goals

Middle adulthood

Which life stage is associated with hearing loss leading to considerations of early retirement

Fifties

Which life stage is associated with developing intimate relationships with others

Young adulthood

Which life stage is associated with hesitations about change arise due to the hearing loss

Thirties

Which life stage is associated with reflection on life and its meaning

Late adulthood

Which phase of the patient journey represents the following: The advance to this stage may last anywhere from a few days to many years.

Awareness

Which phase of the patient journey represents the following: The patient shifts towards a "tipping point" and decides to consult a hearing healthcare professional.

Movement

Which phase of the patient journey represents the following: At this stage, many people succumb to anxiety, worrying about possible outcomes.

Diagnosis

Which phase of the patient journey represents the following: This phase is sometimes referred to as postclinical.

Resolution

Which phase of the patient journey represents the following: During this stage, family and friends may begin to notice that the patient is missing out on conversation.

Pre-awareness

Which phase of the patient journey represents the following: This phase may extract psychological costs.

Movement