Global Digital Environment & Emerging ICT Trends in Computing

What does globalization refer to?

The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments of different nations, driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.

What is the digital divide?

The gap between people who have meaningful access to digital technology and those who don't, including the quality of access, skills to use it effectively, and ability to benefit from digital opportunities.

How does the digital divide manifest?

It appears globally between developed and developing nations, nationally between urban and rural areas, and locally between neighborhoods.

What is cloud computing?

A network of resources a company can access, increasing the efficiency of organizations by using digital drives.

What percentage of enterprise workloads was predicted to be in the cloud by 2020?

83 percent.

What is mobile computing?

The ability to connect portable devices to wireless-enabled networks to access data and services while on the move.

What are the principles of mobile computing?

Portability, Connectivity, Interactivity, and Individuality.

What is big data?

A trend that allows businesses to analyze extensive sets of information to achieve variety in increasing volumes and growth of velocity.

What is data mining?

The process of sorting through large data sets to identify patterns and relationships that can help solve business problems.

What is automation?

A combination of computer, mechanical, and electrical elements or processes that operate with minimal or no human intervention.

What are emerging technologies?

Technologies whose development or practical applications are still largely unrealized, including new technologies and old technologies finding new applications.

What is artificial intelligence?

A set of technologies that enable computers to perform advanced functions such as understanding language, analyzing data, and making recommendations.

What is virtual reality?

A computer-generated environment that immerses the user in a simulated experience.

What is augmented reality?

A version of virtual reality that enhances the real world with interactive scenarios, images, and sounds.

What is blockchain?

A digital database or ledger distributed among nodes in a peer-to-peer network, allowing secure data input without changing or deleting existing data.

What does cyber security encompass?

The discipline of defending devices and services from electronic attacks by hackers, spammers, and cybercriminals.

What is the difference between privacy and security in the digital world?

Privacy involves the right to manage personal information, while security refers to the protection of that information from unauthorized access.

What challenges do emerging technologies face?

They require overcoming many scientific challenges to realize their full potential and applications.

What role does information technology play in globalization?

It aids in the interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments across different nations.

How does the digital divide affect low-income communities?

They often cannot afford devices or internet bills, limiting their access to digital technology.

What is the significance of cloud storage for companies?

It allows for efficient data sharing and collaboration among employees.

What is meant by the term 'mobile computing system'?

A distributed system connected via a wireless network that allows communication and computing at any time and place.

What is the expected impact of big data on marketing campaigns?

It boosts productivity and allows for better prediction of growth opportunities.

What is the importance of connectivity in mobile computing?

It ensures high network availability with minimal lag or downtime, regardless of the mobility of connected nodes.

What does individuality in mobile computing refer to?

The ability of a mobile device or node to adapt technology to cater to individual needs and obtain contextual information.

What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

A set of technologies that enable computers to perform advanced functions such as understanding language, analyzing data, and making recommendations.

What does virtual reality (VR) create for users?

A computer-generated environment that immerses users in realistic scenes and objects.

How does augmented reality differ from virtual reality?

Augmented reality enhances the real world with interactive images and sounds, rather than fully immersing users in a virtual environment.

What is the primary focus of cyber security?

Defending devices and services from electronic attacks by hackers and cybercriminals.

What does data privacy entail?

A consumer's understanding of their rights regarding how their personal information is collected, used, stored, and shared.

What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

A network of devices that connect to the internet, containing sensors and software to exchange data.

What is miniaturization in technology?

The process of making devices smaller using modern technology, such as mobile phones and computers.

What is a Multifunction Peripheral (MFP)?

A device that performs multiple tasks typically carried out by separate devices, such as copying, printing, scanning, and faxing.

What is robotics?

A branch of engineering focused on the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robots.

What are Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics?

1. Robots must never harm human beings. 2. Robots must follow human instructions without violating rule 1. 3. Robots must protect themselves without violating the other rules.

How can robotics be applied in healthcare?

Robots can assist in surgeries, serve as prosthetic limbs, and provide therapy to patients.

What is Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)?

The contracting of specific business tasks to third-party service providers, such as payroll or HR.

What are some sub-sectors of the IT-BPO industry?

Knowledge process outsourcing, animation, call centers, software development, game development, engineering design, and medical transcription.

What is project-based outsourcing?

A BPO model used for business activities with irregular frequencies or one-off projects.

What is a dedicated development center in BPO?

A setup used when business requirements are changing, often for long-term technology or software development.

What is the captive markets model in BPO?

A setup preferred for running crucial business activities at lower costs, focusing on long-term strategic plans.

What are some health issues faced by BPO employees?

Back and shoulder pains, throat irritations, high stress, and potential hearing damage due to noise levels.

What is the significance of cloud-based software in BPO?

It enhances operational efficiency and data management in outsourcing processes.

What is the role of IoT in everyday life?

It allows users to control devices remotely, such as turning on music or locking doors from a distance.

What is the trend of blogging and social media outsourcing?

An emerging trend in the BPO industry focusing on content creation and management for businesses.

What does strategic balanced-shore outsourcing involve?

A method of outsourcing that balances cost and quality by utilizing resources from various locations.

What is the impact of cybersecurity on data privacy?

Cybersecurity measures protect personal information from unauthorized access, ensuring privacy for consumers.

What is the importance of protecting original data in blockchain?

It ensures data integrity and security while allowing for the addition of new information without loss.

What is the purpose of robotics in security?

Robots can enhance security measures by acting as agents that protect humans without being vulnerable.

How does augmented reality enhance user experience?

By overlaying digital information onto the real world, creating an interactive and enriched environment.

What does Republic Act 7916 exempt companies from?

National and local taxes, requiring only 5% of their gross income as tax.

What authority was established by the approval of RA 7916?

The Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA).

What type of zones does PEZA consider IT Parks?

Special economic zones.

What is the fastest growing sector in the Philippines?

The BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) industry.

What percentage of the labor force did the BPO industry employ from 2005-2012?

1%.

What are some services enabled by the mobile-based service industry?

Mobile banking, economic development, delivery of health services, citizen empowerment, and greater access to media and education.

What is the vision for E-Government in the Philippines?

To create a digitally empowered and integrated government that provides responsive and transparent online citizen-centered services.

What are the benefits of E-Government for citizens?

Efficient delivery of public services.

What does E-Government prioritize for the government?

Value-added, shared services, interoperability, and maximization of public resources.

What is Internet censorship?

The control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet.

What is one reason governments may implement Internet censorship?

To protect national safety or public concern.

What does the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 address?

Legal issues concerning online interactions and cybercrime offenses in the Philippines.

What is technical blocking in Internet censorship?

Techniques used to block access to specific web pages, domains, or IP addresses.

What is keyword blocking?

Blocking access to websites based on words found in URLs or searches involving blacklisted terms.

What is a pro of Internet censorship?

It can create common sense limits and restrict access to harmful activities.

What is a con of Internet censorship?

It can stop the flow of real information and lead to arrests for shared content.

What is freedom of expression?

The right to express one's ideas and opinions freely without causing harm to others' character.

What does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights state about freedom of expression?

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression.

How can freedom of expression be limited?

Through censorship, restrictive press legislation, and harassment of journalists.

Why is freedom of expression important at an individual level?

It is key to the development and fulfillment of every person.

What is the impact of Internet censorship on national security?

It may provide a positive impact by reducing hacking incidents.

What is one economic issue related to the BPO industry in the Philippines?

The growth in the BPO industry has not significantly benefited most of the population.

What are the implications of induced self-censorship?

It limits exposure to Internet content and affects online posting habits.

What is the financial impact of Internet shutdowns?

They cost countries billions, as seen in 2015 with a cost of $2.4 billion.

What is the relationship between Internet censorship and identity theft?

Censorship can help limit content that facilitates identity theft.

What is an example of increased Internet censorship in response to events?

The Arab Spring led to heightened censorship measures.

What is the goal of the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)?

To encourage foreign investment by providing subsidies and tax exemptions.

What is a potential negative effect of Internet censorship on society?

It can lead to a lack of access to diverse information and opinions.

Why is freedom of expression important for good government?

It allows for free debate about legislation, ensuring laws have public support and are respected.

What role does media play in a democratic society?

Media scrutiny exposes the strengths and weaknesses of political parties, helping to prevent corruption.

Under what conditions can public authorities restrict freedom of expression?

If actions are lawful, necessary, and proportionate to protect national security, public safety, health, morals, or the rights of others.

What is social media?

Web-based applications that allow users to create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities.

What are the risks associated with social media?

Users must be mindful of dangers such as misinformation, privacy issues, and cyberbullying.

What is the purpose of content filtering?

To screen and exclude access to web pages or emails deemed objectionable for safety, business, or child protection.

What are browser-based filters?

Lightweight solutions for content filtering implemented via third-party extensions.

What is the function of email filters?

To classify, accept, or reject messages based on information in mail headers.

What do search-engine filters do?

They filter out inappropriate links from search results when activated.

What are some problems with content filtering?

Allowed content may be blocked, leading to the exclusion of important information like sex education.

What is the role of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB)?

To classify and review television programs, movies, and home videos in the Philippines.

What does an X-rating indicate?

It forbids the material from being shown to the public due to excessive obscenity.

What is child pornography?

Visual depictions of sexually explicit conduct involving a minor, defined as persons under 18 years old.

How do offenders typically share child pornography?

Through social networking sites, file-sharing sites, and anonymous networks on the Dark Internet.

What is virtual prostitution?

Engaging in sexual activity online with someone neither party has met in real life.

What is virtual sex?

Sexual activity conducted through communication equipment to arouse participants, often involving explicit messages.

What are some advantages of freedom of expression?

It allows for better decision-making, improves national security, and leads to a more democratic political system.

What is the impact of digital technologies on freedom of expression?

They facilitate the sharing of ideas and opinions, but also pose risks such as misinformation.

What is the significance of the right to express one's ideas?

It is essential for social progress and has evolved over time, although it is not yet universal.

What is the purpose of online websites for organizations?

To reach wider demographics and represent their work to a global audience.

What are the capabilities of tablets/computers for journalists?

They are interactive with touchscreens and have inbuilt cameras and microphones for capturing stories on the go.

How can freedom of expression contribute to a healthier society?

By allowing individuals to express opinions, leading to less corruption and respect for human rights.