kentones

Ketone Structure and General Formula

R-CO-R' (Carbonyl group in the middle)

(Common and IUPAC)

Common: Acetone | IUPAC: Propanone (CH3COCH3).

Preparation of Ketones

1. Oxidation of secondary alcohols by using acidified K2Cr2O7.

2. Hydration of alkane by using dil H2 SO4 at 60’C and Hg S O4 or H2 S O4.

Ketone Oxidation

Do not oxidize easily but under vigorous condition

Reduction of Ketones

Reduced to secondary alcohols using LiAlH4 in dry ether.

Nomenclature of kentones

Common name: two alkyl +kentones but the first member is acetone

IUPAC name: derived from hydrocarbon like alkane but change to alkanone

Properties of kentones (state)

At room temperature,methanal is gas and ethanal is a volatile liquid.

Solubility of aldehyde and kentones

Methanal , ethanal and propanone are water soluble.

Use of Aldehyde

Versatile compound that can help make resins,dyes, organic compound.

40% of aqueous solution of methanal

Formalin

Formalin is used for

a desinfectant and a preservatives for biological specimen

Where kentones are used as popular solvents.

In making moderately polar substance, including waxes, paints, lacqures, varnishes, glues

The simple kentones (propane) acetone is used for?

an effective solvents in many nail polish removers, plastic cements, resins, and varni