Medicine Vocabulary: Unit 6 & 7 Key Terms & Definitions

Contusion

A "bruise-type" injury without a fracture or break in the skin

sprain

Forced wrenching or twisting of a joint, resulting in partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments

Dislocations

Displacement of a bone that is no longer in contact with its normal articulation

Subluxation

a partial dislocation of a joint; common in the vertebral column

Fractures

A disruption (break) in a bone usually caused by mechanical forces

Simple (closed) fracture

a fracture in which the bone does not break through the skin (classification)

Compound (partial) fracture

a fracture in which a portion of the bone protrudes through the skin (classification)

Complete fracture

fracture through the bone that is broken into 2 pieces (transverse, oblique, spiral)

Incomplete (partial) fracture

fracture does not traverse through entire bone (greenstick)

Comminuted fracture

bone is splintered or crushed, resulting in 2 or more fragments

Impacted fracture

one fragment firmly driven into another (shaft into head; common in proximal end of femur, humerus, ulna)

Orthogonal views

at right angles to each other (what type of view)

Typically a true AP/PA & lateral

Images obtained though:

-Standard positioning if possible

-Angling the CR and/or IR to maintain CR-part-IR alignment

-Horizontal beam laterals (cross-table)

Intramedullary fixation

refers to the use of rods & nails inserted into the shaft of a long bone to stabilize fractures. This technique is usually done on the humerus, tibia, & femur.

External fixation

refers to the use of an orthopedic device outside the patient to immobilize bone & align fractures. External fixation devices usually require pins to be drilled through the skin & into the bone. The part of the pins outside of the body are attached to the external fixator device. Such devices are kept on for a period of time & can be periodically adjusted to help with alignment.

Internal fixation

refers to the use of orthopedic hardware inside the patient to align the fracture(s). An open reduction surgery where hardware is implanted to align a fracture is called an ORIF (open reduction with internal fixation).

ORIF (open reduction with internal fixation).

An open reduction surgery where hardware is implanted to align a fracture is called an

Open reduction

alignment of a fracture through a surgical incision & implantation of screws, plates, rods, or other orthopedic hardware. Open reductions may or may not use fluoroscopy. If fluoroscopy is not used, portable images are usually done during surgery. The part will have sutures and/or staples closing the skin & a surgical dressing applied. The part may also be immobilized with a splint. Post-surgical images are obtained.

Closed reduction

alignment of a fracture by manual manipulation. Closed reductions involve fluoroscopy while the surgeon manipulates the body part to align the fracture(s). Small pins may be inserted through the skin into the part to help with stabilization. The part is usually immobilized with a cast or splint & post-reduction images are obtained.

C-Arm

A __________ is typically used for fluoroscopic guidance & imaging. Some may require images taken with a portable x-ray unit.

Scoliosis correction

A surgical procedure done to correct severe forms of scoliosis through implantation of devices such as a Harrington rod

Kyphoplasty

A surgical procedure done to provide stability & pain relief to patients suffering from compression fractures. The procedure involves the introduction of a balloon into the body of the affected vertebra, which is then inflated to expand the collapse. Bone cement is then introduced to fill the space, as is done with vertebroplasty

Vertebroplasty

A surgical procedure done to provide stability & pain relief to patients suffering from compression fractures. The procedure involves the introduction of bone cement (an acrylic) directly into the body of the affected vertebrae

Diskectomy & Microdiskectomy

A surgical procedure done to remove a portion of an intervertebral disc, typically due to herniation

Pacemaker Insertion Procedure

what procedure

pacemaker

A ___________________ is a medical device implanted in the chest or abdomen that uses electrical impulses to regulate the heart beat. Pacemakers are used to treat a variety of arrhythmias, most notably bradycardia.

Cholangiogram Procedure

what procedure (study image incase labeling is asked)

operative cholangiogram

An ________________________________ is an x-ray procedure done to demonstrate anatomy of the biliary ductal system & drainage into the duodenum

time

distance

shielding

the 3 cardinal rules of radiation protection

mask

Surgical masks usually have a pliable nose stripe & 2 sets of ties to secure it to your face. They are disposable, must be discarded after each use & changed for each procedure.

Shoes & Shoe Covers

Shoes worn in the OR must be clean & closed toe. Disposable shoe covers slide over footwear. They must be discarded after each use & changed for each procedure.

Head Cover

Disposable caps or hoods slide over the head & have a tie that secures them. Hair & jewelry must be tucked completely under the cap/hood before entering the OR.

Scrubs

A clean, fresh pair of surgical scrubs must be worn during surgery. Scrubs worn as a uniform while working throughout the hospital are not to be worn inside an OR room.

scrubs

head cover

shoes & shoe covers

masks

list all the surgical attire

draped with a sterile barrier.

If radiographic equipment is to be brought near a sterile area or passed over the surgical field, then it must be ________________________________

1 foot

Anything that is draped is considered a sterile area & you should maintain at least a ______________ distance from such areas.

sterile

The ____________ area in an OR include the patient, surgical field, surgeon, surgical assistants, surgical equipment on the sterile field, draped tables & carts

non sterile

The _____________________ areas are places within the OR where the anesthesiologist, circulating nurse & others (such as a radiographer) are located. Radiographic equipment can be operated in this area without being draped.

confidence

communication

problem-solving

mastery

what 4 skills are needed to work in the OR

portable shields

Besides lead aprons, OR rooms usually have _____________________ that can be moved around the room

sprain

Seen as soft tissue swelling on x-ray (sprain or contusion_