Lecture 25 --> 27 - Female and Male Reproduction

Granulosa cells convert androgens into __________.

Estrogen

Theca interna cells primarily produce __________.

Androgens

Granulosa cells respond to __________, while theca interna cells respond to __________.

FSH, LH

Luteal cells primarily produce __________.

Progesterone

Theca externa cells are primarily __________ and do NOT produce hormones.

Supportive (fibromuscular)

The 2-cell, 2-gonadotropin model involves __________ cells and __________ cells.

Theca, Granulosa

In most species, the ovarian cortex is located __________ and the medulla is located __________.

Outer, Inner

In horses, the ovarian cortex is located __________ and the medulla is located __________.

Inner, Outer

In horses, ovulation occurs only at the __________.

Ovulation fossa

The earliest follicle stage present at birth is the __________ follicle.

Primordial

A primordial follicle consists of a primary oocyte surrounded by a __________ layer of cells.

Single squamous

In a primary follicle, the surrounding cells are called __________ cells.

Granulosa

A secondary follicle is characterized by __________ layers of granulosa cells.

Multiple

Theca cells originate from __________ cells in the stroma.

Interstitial

The fluid-filled cavity in a tertiary follicle is called the __________.

Antrum

The structure that supports the oocyte in an antral follicle is the __________.

Cumulus oophorus

Ovulation results in formation of a __________ before becoming a corpus luteum.

Corpus hemorrhagicum

If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained as a __________.

Corpus luteum verum

If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes a __________.

Corpus albicans

Follicular development is driven by __________.

FSH

The oviduct is lined by __________ epithelium.

Ciliated simple columnar

The function of cilia in the oviduct is to __________ the oocyte.

Propel

The uterus contains __________ glands within the endometrium.

Uterine

The innermost layer of the uterus is the __________.

Endometrium

The muscular layer of the uterus is the __________.

Myometrium

The outer layer of the uterus is the __________.

Perimetrium

In ruminants, specialized uterine structures for placental attachment are called __________.

Caruncles

The cervix in most species is lined by __________ epithelium.

Simple columnar

The cervix in dogs is lined by __________ epithelium.

Stratified squamous

The vagina is lined by __________ epithelium.

Stratified squamous

The vulva contains __________ glands that secrete mucus.

Vestibular

Mammary glands are classified as __________ glands.

Tubuloalveolar

Active mammary gland alveoli are lined by __________ cells.

Columnar

Mammary secretion occurs via __________ secretion.

Apocrine

Cells responsible for milk ejection are __________ cells.

Myoepithelial

Milk flows from alveoli → intralobular ducts → lobular ducts → __________ → lactiferous sinus.

Lobar ducts

The teat canal is lined by __________ epithelium.

Keratinized stratified squamous

The smooth muscle that prevents milk leakage and infection is the __________.

Teat sphincter

A physical barrier to infection in ruminants is the __________.

Rosette of Furstenberg

The teat canal is protected by a plug of __________.

Keratin

Immune defense in the mammary gland includes __________.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

Cells that support spermatogenesis are __________ cells.

Sertoli

Cells that produce testosterone are __________ cells.

Leydig

Leydig cells are located in the __________ between seminiferous tubules.

Interstitium

Sertoli cells form the __________.

Blood-testis barrier

The most immature germ cells in spermatogensis are __________.

Spermatogonia

Spermatogonia develop into __________.

Spermatocytes

Spermatocytes develop into __________.

Spermatids

Spermatids develop into __________.

Spermatozoa

Germ cells move from the __________ toward the __________.

Basement membrane, Lumen

The blood-testis barrier is formed by __________ between Sertoli cells.

Tight junctions

The function of the blood-testis barrier is to protect developing sperm from the __________.

Immune system

Rupture of the reproductive tract can result in a __________ due to immune exposure to sperm.

Sperm granuloma

Spermatogenesis occurs in the __________.

Seminiferous tubules

The rete testis connects to the __________ ducts.

Efferent

The epididymis is responsible for sperm __________ and __________.

Maturation, Storage

The vas deferens is characterized by a thick layer of __________.

Smooth muscle

The urethra functions to transport both __________ and __________.

Urine, Semen

The erectile tissue surrounding the urethra is the __________.

Corpus spongiosum

The paired erectile bodies dorsal to the urethra are the __________.

Corpora cavernosa

In ruminants and swine, the penis is classified as __________.

Fibroelastic

In horses, the penis is classified as __________.

Musculocavernous

In dogs, the penis is classified as __________.

Intermediate