Med Term Human Body + Anatomical Positions + Planes & Cavities & Abdominal Regions

hierarchy of body

Molecules → Cell → Tissue → Organs → Organ System → Organisms

molecules

building blocks of all body structures

cells

smallest independently functioning unit of all living organisms

tissues

group of cells working together to perform a specific function

organs

group of tissues that perform a specific function

organisms

the body as a whole that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Organ systems work… together or in isolation?

together

Anatomy

structure

Physiology

function

What is the body’s main function?

the tendency towards homeostasis

What are the 11 major organ systems

circulatory or cardiovascular

digestive

endocrine

urinary/excretory

integumentary

lymphatic/immune

muscular

nervous

reproductive

respiratory

skeletal

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System Function

delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System contains:

heart and blood vessels

Digestive System Function

processes food for use by the body and removes waste from undigested food

Digestive System Contains

stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, and small intestine

Endocrine System Functions

secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes

Endocrine System contains:

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes or ovaries

Excretory/Urinary System function

controls water balance in the body and removes waste from blood and excretes them

Excretory/Urinary System contains

kidneys and urinary bladder

Integumentary System function

encloses and protects internal body structures

Integumentary System contains

hair, skin, and nails

Lymphatic/Immune System function

returns fluid to blood and defends against pathogens

Lymphatic/Immune System contains

thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels

Muscular System function

enables body movement with help of skeletal system and helps maintain body temperature

Muscular system contains

skeletal muscles and tendons

Nervous System function

detects and processes sensory information and activates bodily responses

Nervous System contains

Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Reproductive System function

produces sex hormones and gametes

male reproductive system contains

epididymis and testes

female reproductive system specific function

produces milk for infants

female reproductivesystem contains

mammary glands, ovaries, uterus

Respiratory system function

removes carbon dioxide from the body and delivers oxygen to blood

Skeletal System function

supports the body and enables movement by working with muscular system

Skeletal System contains

cartilage, bones, and joints

Anatomical Position

Standing upright, feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward, arms handing at the sides, and the palms of the hands face forwards

Prone

body lying face down

Supine

body lying face up

Anterior/Ventral

front/towards front of the body

Posterior/Dorsal

back/towards back of the body

Superior/Cranial

above or higher

Inferior/Caudal

below or lower

Lateral

side/towards side of the body

Medial

middle/towards middle of the body

Proximal

near point of attachment or trunk of the body

Distal

farther from point of attachment or trunk of the body

Superficial

position closer to surface of the body

Deep

position farther from surface of the body

Sagittal Plane

divides body and organ vertically into right and left sides

Parasagittal Plane or Longitudinal Section

unequal divide of left and right

Frontal/Coronal Plane

divides body and organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back)

Transverse Plane

divides body and organ horizontally into upper and lower sections

Images produced from transverse plane

Cross Sections

Dorsal/Posterior Cavity is and contains

the back of the body
contains cranial and vertebral cavity

Cranial Cavity contains

the brain

Vertebral Cavity contains

the spinal cord

Ventral/Anterior Cavity is and contains

back of the body

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavities (abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity)

Thoracic Cavity contains

the lungs and heart and diaphragm

Abdominal Cavity contains

the digestive organs

Pelvic Cavity contains

the reproductive organs and urinary bladder

Top row of abdominopelvic region seen left to right

right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region

Middle row of abdominopelvic region seen left to right

right lumbar region, umbilical region. left lumbar region

Bottom row of abdominopelvic region seen left to right

right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region

What are the Abdominopelvic quadrants?

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, and left lower quadrant

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

when viewing left side, it is the patient’s right side and when viewing right side, it is patient’s left side.

Homeostasis

the stable internal environment that the body maintains for survival

Homeostasis function

consistent supply of oxygen and nutrients, maintains ideal temperature, and ideal water, acidity, and salt concentrations within narrow ranges

Disease

the of result of a disruption of homeostasis which causes cells, tissues, organs, and/or systems to behave abnormally

3 Identifiers of disease

Signs, symptoms, and clinical findings

Signs

objective indicators that are observable (ex. rashes and swelling)

Symptoms

subjective indicators reported by the patient (ex. pain and nausea)

Clinical Findings

results of medical procedures performed on the patient (ex. lab tests and x-rays)

Diagnosis

establishing a cause of the disease

Idiopathic

when cause is unknown

Prognosis

prediction of the course of a disease and its probable outcome

Abx

antibiotics

BP

blood pressure

Bx

Biopsy

CBC

complete blood count

CC

chief complaint

C/O

complains of

CT

computed tomography

DM

diabetes mellitus

DOB

date of birth

Dx

diagnosis

ED

emergency department

F

Female

HPI

history of present illness

IV

intravenous

lat

lateral

LLQ

left lower quadrant

Lt

left

LUQ

left upper quadrant

M

male

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

PMH

past medical history

Pt

patient

Px

prognosis

RLQ

right lower quadrant

Rt

right

RUQ

right upper quadrant

Sx

Surgery