Reaction pathways

Alkene + Cl2(g), Br2(g), or I2(g) [Addition (halogenation)]

(di)Haloalkane

Alkene + H2(g) and Ni(s) [Addition (hydrogenation)]

Alkane

Alkene + Catalyst, heat, and pressure [Addition (polymerisation)]

Polymer

Alkene + HF(g), HCl(g), HBr(g), or HI(g) [Addition]

Primary haloalkane

Alkene + H2O(g) and H3PO4(l) [Addition (hydration)]

Primary alcohol

Alkane + UV light or heat + F2(g) or Cl2(g) [Substitution]

Primary haloalkane

Primary haloalkane + NaOH(aq) or H2O(l) [Substitution]

Primary alcohol (+ Sodium halide or hydrogen halide by-products)

Primary haloalkane + conc. NH3(aq) in ethanol/heat (stage 1)

Alkylammonium halide salt

Alkylammonium halide salt + conc. NH3(aq) in ethanol/heat [Substitution (stage 2)]

Primary amine + ammonium halide

Primary alcohol + NH3(g)/Alumina/heat [Substitution (dehydration)]

Primary amine + water

Primary alcohol + H+(aq)/MnO4-(aq) or Cr2O72-(aq)/heat [Oxidation]

Aldehyde

Aldehyde + H+(aq)/MnO4-(aq) or Cr2O72-(aq)/heat/distillation [Oxidation]

Carboxylic acid

Primary alcohol + O2(g) from the air (slow) OR O2(g)/silver catalyst/heat (fast) [Oxidation]

Carboxylic acid

Carboxylic acid + Primary alcohol + H2S04(l)/heat reflux [Esterification (condensation)]

Ester + water

Ester + water + H+(aq)/heat [Hydrolysis]

Carboxylic acid + primary alcohol