Sociology paper 2

Zaretskys view on the family

reproduces labour force, consumes capitalistic goods, provides emotional support

oakleys view on the family

women socialised into submissive roles, dual burden

murrays view on the family

state support encourages dependency

murdocks view of the family

4 essential functions: sexual, reproductive, socialisation, economic

feminists view on the family

traditional family structure supports patricarchal norms, men benefit from womens domestic work

new rights view on the family

traditonal nuclear family are the cornerstone of society, welfare benifits eroded the best family form

post modern view of the family

no longer one dominant family structure, families characterised by choice

parsons view on the family

2 functions: primary socialisation, stabilisation of adult personalities

what are rapoports 5 types of family diversity

1- orgonisational 2- cultural 3- social class 4- life cycle/ cohort 5- family life course

family life course definition

through your whole life you will live in different family types, so need to look at the whole life to see all family types

life cycle/ cohort

older- traditional views on sex

social class diversity

m/c- joint cinjucal roles w/c- segregated conjucal roles

cultural diversity- religion

religion, catholic- large family size

cultural diversity- culture

black carribean- SPF, white british- nuclear

orgonisational diversity

1- between families, diff family types 2- within families, dual worker nuclear vs breadwinner nuclear

reasons for the decline in marriage

1- changing attitudes 2- secularisaton 3- time and money 4- changes in womens position 5- fear of divorce 6- less dating

what facts do statistics show about marriage

fewer people marrying, more cohabitation, fewer religious weddings, marriage later in life

effects of divorce

fem- no more patriarchal opression func- higher expectations pm- more freedom nr- undermines traditional nuclear family interact- different for everyone

reasons for divorce

1- changes in the law 2- changing attitudes 3- secularisation 4- rising expectations of marriage 5- changes in womens financial position 6- rising life expectancy

what does the new right think they should do to combat social policy

cut welfare benifits, make benifits harder to get, deny council housing to teen moms

new rights view on social policy

changes have led to more family diversity, threatened nuclear family, eg- easier divorce, gay marriage

feminist view on social policy

suggests women are primary carers, expects women to give up roles

material support

tax credits, benifits

work life support

maternity pay, childcare, employment support

2 main social policies aimed at the nuclear family

1- material support 2- work life support

reasons for increase in lone parent families

increase in divorce, decline in stigma about births outside marriage, divorce courts award custody to mothers

marxists view on the family

serves the interest of capitatlism, maintains and reproduces labour force

impact of government legislation on divorce

divorce reforn act, made divorce easier to obtain, rise in divorce rates, increase in lone parent and reconstituted families

impact of government legislation on same sex marriage

the marriage act 2013, legalised same sex marriage, diversified family structures

impact of government legislation on adoption and childcare

supported adoption by same sex couples, supports dual earners, supports diversity and women in workforce

impact of government legislation on education and welfare

compulsory schooling, introduction of welfare policies,

impact of government legislation on retirement and housing

more extended family networks

roles within the family

joint conjucal roles, segregated conjucal roles

conjucal roles

roles of married partners

joint conjucal roles

shared roles

segregated conjucal roles

seperate roles

traditional segregated roles (parsons)

expressive, instrumental

wilmott and youngs theory of the symettrical family

roles of husband and wife equal but opposite, pink and blue jobs, leisure time together

reasons why the symettrical family has came about

changes in womens position, geographical mobility, technology, higher living standards

commercialisation of housework

tasks now done by moden technology, cooking simplified

class difference in family roles

w/c can afford nannies, m/c cannnot

why do we have unequal labour division

1- cultural, patriarchal norms and values shape gender roles, women more housework 2-economic, women earn less

trends in the UK since the 1990s

1- falling birth rates 2- falling fertility rates 3- falling death rates 4- falling family size 5- more globalisation

reasons for decline in birth rates

declining stigma of childlessness, economic liability, contraception, later age of marriage

reasons for decline in death rates

improved nutrition, smoking and diet, medical improvements

what increases ageing

increasing life expectancy, declining infant mortality, declining fertility

why is interconectedness rising (globalisation)

fall of communism, communication systems, global media

types of financial descisions (edgell)

familes have split descisions types- very important= men, important= joint, not important= women

w/c financial descisions (kempson)

women feel more financial hardship= skip meals, dont go out, w/c women spend money on essentials for kids

2 types of patriarchal money management (pahl and vogler)

1- allowence 2- pooling

what ways are male steryotypes changing?

less manufacturing jobs, brain over brawn, typical man no longer needed

hegemonic masculinity

past socialisation, financial providers, authority, ambition

complicit masculinity

modern, shared family roles, women responsible for the family

the class divide in masculinity

metrosexual (m/c) vs chav (w/c)

metrosexual

young heterosexual males, narcissism, cosmetics

chav

vulgar, burberry, gucci

new man 1980s

yuppie, traditional male

new man 2000s

nurturing, caring

concept of childhod

stage between infancy and adulthood, socially constructed, way society treats children varies over cultures

social construction of childhood

childhood is shaped by social norms, values and historical context, some cultures children seen as innocent- others seen as economy contributors

march of progress perspective on childhood

children are more protected now, more educated and valued, laws protect childrens rights, families child centred and smaller

feminist perspective of childhood

girls face stricter controls, boys given more freedom

marxist perspective of childhood

children from poorer families have fewer opportunities, may suffer from poorer health, lower educational attainment, take on household responsibilities

racial differences in childhood

stricter towards girls, honour crimes, asian emphasis on elder respect

postmans view on the future of childhood

childhood is dissapearing at a dazzling speed, rise of the media has got rid of the distinction between adulthood and childhood, children exposed to adult issues.

gender differences in achievement

girls- stricter social controls, household chores, expectations of appearance and behaviour boys- granted more freedom, physical activity, traditional roles

child liberationalism

how children face opression= child free zones, control of childrens bodies

child free zones

shops display no school children signs, children hanging out in groups deemed threataning, monitored

control of childrens bodies

adults control how kids sit, eat, run, wear, age patriarchy, told to not do things

new socialisation of childhood

children need to be studied from their own perspective, childhood is individualistic

domestic violence

controlling, cohersive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16+

examples of domestic violence

thretaning language, agressive guestures, physical domination, sexual assault, physical attack

signs of domestic violence

financial abuse, isolation, control

reasons why police are reluctant to report domestic violence

1- private sphere 2- family seen as positive 3- free will

why are men less likely to report domestic violence

shame, fear of not being belived, embaressment, little evidence

radical fems view on domestic violence

carried out as a way of exersizing patricarchal power

how is domestic violence seen as evidence of patriarchy

1- different gender role socialisation 2- crisis in masculinity

different gender role socialisation

boys socialised into taking risk, men believe they should be breadwinners

crisis in masculinity

work is no loner guarenteed, women employment has challenged mens status

types of new religious movements

world affirming, world rejecing, world accomodating

world affirming new religious movements

positive about the world, service to clients, no demand of commitment, no monopoly of truth

world rejecting new religious movements

hostile towards the world, definite conception of god, charismatic leader, cut ties

world accomodating new religious movements

put up with world but not happy with it, see world as in moral decline, no strict membership

theory of scientology

people are immortal beings who have forgotten their true nature,

theory of moonies

return humanity to god,