GCSE OCR Latin Grammar

1st Declension Noun Endings

puella, puellam, puellae, puellae, puella, puella

puellae, puellas, puellis, puellarum, puellis, puellae

2nd Declension Noun Endings

servus, servum, servo, servi, servo, serve

servi, servos, servis, servorum, servis, servi

2nd Declension Noun Endings (neuter)

templum, templum, templo, templi, templo, templum

templa, templa, templis, templorum, templis, templa

3rd Declension Noun Endings

leo, leonem, leoni, leonis, leone, leo

leones, leones, leonibus, leonum, leonibus, leones

3rd Declension Noun Endings (neuter)

nomen, nomen, nomini, nominis, nomine, nomen

nomina, nomina, nominibus, nominum, nominibus, nomina

4th Declension Noun Endings

manus, manum, manui, manui, manu, manus

manus, manus, manibus, manuum, manibus, manus

5th Declension Noun Endings

spes, spem, spei, spei, spe, spes

spes, spes, spebus, sperum, spebus, spes

Comparative Adjectives

longior, longiorem, longiori, longioris, longiore, longior

longiores, longiores, longioribus, longiorum, longioribus, longiores

Comparative Adjectives (neuter)

longius, longius, longiori, longioris, longiore, longior

longiora, longiora, longioribus, longiorum, longioribus, longiora

Superlative Adjectives

-issi (irregular: -erri, -illi)

2-1-2 (m-f-n)

good, better, best

bonus, melior, optimus

bad, worse, worst

malus, peior, pessimus

big, bigger, biggest

magnus, maior, maximus

small, smaller, smallest

parvus, minor, minimus

much, more, most

multus, plus, plurimus

Adverbs

adjective stem + e

Irregular Adverbs

verbs with ending -is (e.g. fortis): fortiter

Comparative Adverb

neuter singular of comparative adjective (laetius)

Irregular Comparative Adverbs

diutus: for a longer time

saepius: more often

Superlative Adverb

superlative adjective + e (laetissime)

First-Person Pronouns

ego, me, mihi, mei, me

nos, nos, nobis, nostrum, nobis

Second-Person Pronouns

tu, te, tibi, tui, te

vos, vos, vobis, vostrum, vobis

Third-Person (masculine) Pronouns

is eum, ei, eius, eo

ei, eos, eis, eorum, eis

Third-Person (feminine) Pronouns

ea, eam, ei, eius, ea

eae, eas, eis, earum, eis

Third-Person (neuter) Pronouns

id, id, ei, eius, eo

ea, ea, eis, eorum, eis

Reflexive Pronouns

-, se sibi, sui, se

'idem'

is + dem

'hic' (singular)

hic, haec, hoc

hunc, hanc, hoc

huic, huic, huic

huius, huius, huius

hoc, hac, hoc

'hic' (plural)

hi, hae, haec

hos, has, haec

his, his, his

horum, harum, horum

his, his, his

'ille' (singular)

ille, illa, illud

illum, illam, illud

illi, illi, illi

illius, illius, illius

illo, illa, illo

'ille' (plural)

illi, illae, illa

illos, illas, illa

illorum, illarum, illorum

illis, illis, illis

illis, illis, illis

'qui' (singular)

qui, quae, quod

quem, quam, quod

cui, cui, cui

cuius, cuius, cuius

quo, qua, quo

'qui' (plural)

qui, quae, quae

quos, quas, quae

quibus, quibus, quibus

quorum, quarum, quorum

quibus, quibus, quibus

'quidam'

qui + dam

Future Active Conjugation

shall ...

bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt

am, es, et, emus, etis, ent

Present Active Conjugation

o, s, t, mus, tis, unt

Imperfect Active Conjugation

was -ing

bam, bas, bat, bamus, batis, bant

Perfect Active Conjugation

-ed, have -ed

i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt

Pluperfect Active Conjugation

had -ed

eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant

Future Perfect Active Conjugation

will have -ed

ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint

Imperative

verb stem + e

1 (-are) → a, ate

2 (-ere) → e, ete

3 (-ere) → e, ite

4 (ire) → i, ite

Irregular Imperatives

dic (speak), duc (lead), fer (carry), fac (make, do), i (go)

Future Passive Conjugation

shall be -ed

bor, beris, bitur, bimur, bimini, buntur

ar, eris, etur, emur, emini, entur

Present Passive Conjugation

am -ed, am being -ed

or, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur

Imperfect Passive Conjugation

was being -ed

bar, baris, batur, bamur, bamini, bantur

Perfect Passive Conjugation

was -ed, have been -ed

PPP + sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt

Pluperfect Passive Conjugation

had been -ed

PPP + eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant

Future Perfect Passive Conjugation

will have been -ed

PPP + ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt

Deponent Verbs

Every Clever Historian Loves Making Many Silly Points, Proposing Pretty Roman Victories

CHRIMPS VELIMP

egredior, conor, hortor, loquor, morior, miror, sequor, proficisor, patior, progredior, regredior, videor

Future Active Participle

about to/ being about to...

portaturus-a-um

Present Active Participle

-ing

-ns

Perfect Active Participle

having...

deponent verb

hortatus-a-um

Perfect Passive Participle

having been -ed

portatus-a-um

Future Active Infinitive

to be about to carry

portaturus esse

Present Active Infinitive

to carry

potare

Perfect Active Infinitive

to have carried

portavisse

Present Passive Infinitive

to be carried

portari

Perfect Passive Infinitive

to have been carried

portatus esse

Imperfect Active Subjunctive

portare-m, s, t, mus, tis, nt

Imperfect Passive Subjunctive

portare-r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur

Pluperfect Active Subjunctive

portavisse-m, s, t, mus, tis nt

Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive

portatus esse-m, s, t, mus, tis, nt

Future 'esse'

ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt

Present 'esse'

sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt

Imperfect 'esse'

eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant

Perfect 'esse'

fui, fuisiti, fuit, fuimus, fuitis, fuerunt

Pluperfect 'esse'

fueram, fueras, fuerat, fueramus, fueratis, fuerant

Future 'velle'

volam, voles, volet, volemus, voletis, volent

Present 'velle'

volo, vis, vult, volumus, vultis, volunt

Imperfect 'velle'

volebam, volebas, volebat, volebamus, volebatis, volebant

Perfect 'velle'

volui, voluisti, voluit, voluimus, voluitis, voluerunt

Pluperfect 'velle'

volueram, volueras, voluerat, volueramus, volueratis, voluerant

Future 'posse'

potero, poteris, poterit, poterimus, poteritis, poterunt

Present 'posse'

possum, potes, potest, possumus, potestis, possunt

Imperfect 'posse'

poteram, poteras, poterat, poteramus, poteratis, poterant

Perfect 'posse'

potuī, potuistī, potuit, potuimus, potuistis, potuērunt

Pluperfect 'posse'

potueram, potueras, potuerat, potueramus, potueratis, potuerant

Future 'nolle'

nolam, noles, nolet, nolemus, noletis, nolent

Present 'nolle'

nolo, non vis, non vult, nolumus, non vultis, nolunt

Imperfect 'nolle'

nolebam, nolebas, nolebat, nolebamus, nolebatis, nolebant

Perfect 'nolle'

nolui, noluisti, noluit, noluimus, noluitis, noluerunt

Pluperfect 'nolle'

nolueram, nolueras, noluerat, nolueramus, nolueratis, noluerant

Future 'malle'

malam, males, malet, malemus, maletis, malent

Present 'malle'

malo, mavis, mavult, malumus, mavultis, malunt

Imperfect 'malle'

malebam, malebas, malebat, malebamus, malebatis, malebant

Perfect 'malle'

malui, maluisti, maluit, maluimus, maluistis, maluerunt

Pluperfect 'malle'

malueram, malueras, maluerat, malueramus, malueratis, maluerant

Future 'ire'

ibo, ibis, ibit, ibimus, ibitis, ibunt

Present 'ire'

eo, is, it, imus, itis, eunt

Imperfect 'ire'

ibam, ibas, ibat, ibamus, ibatis, ibant

Perfect 'ire'

i(v)i, i(v)isti, i(v)it, i(v)imus, i(v)istis, i(v)erunt

Pluperfect 'ire'

i(v)eram, i(v)eras, i(v)erat, i(v)eramus, i(v)eratis, i(v)erant