public speaking final

what do you match your language to in a speech

audience, occasion, topic

what to avoid with language

slang, offensive/exclusionary terms, overly complex words

techniques for vivid language

metaphors, similies, imagery

how to achieve clarity in a speech

• Keep sentences simple

• Define unfamiliar terms

• Repeat key ideas

• Organize ideas logically

• Avoid jargon unless explained

nonverbal communication

• Eye contact

• Facial expressions

• Gestures

• Posture

• Movement

• Appearance

goals of informative speeches

teach or increase understanding, not to persuade

types of informative speeches

1. Definition

2. Descriptive

3. Demonstrative

4. Example

patterns of organization in speeches

problem-solution, problem-cause-solution, comparitive, monroe’s motivated sequence

steps of monroe’s motivated sequence

1. attention

2. need

3. satisfaction

4. visualization

5. action

examples of providing evidence

• statistics

• testimony

• anecdotes

what qualifies good evidence

• credible

• relevant

• recent

• accurate

deductive reasoning

General → specific

inductive reasoning

Specific examples → general conclusion

causal reasoning

Shows cause/effect

types of fallacies

• Hasty generalization

• Either/or thinking

• Slippery slope

• Ad hominem (attacking person)

• red herring

types of appeals

ethos, pathos, logos

ethos

credibility

how to build ethos

showing knowledge, being honest, citing sources

logos

logic

pathos

emotion