Forensic Final Exam Review Spring 2026

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and definitions related to forensic science, including DNA analysis, blood pattern analysis, arson investigation, and digital forensics.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information.

Double Helix

The structure of DNA consisting of two intertwined strands that is essential for DNA replication.

DNA Fingerprinting

A technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles.

RFLP

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, a method of analyzing the different lengths of DNA fragments.

VNTR

Variable Number Tandem Repeats, sequences in DNA that repeat in varying numbers among individuals.

STR

Short Tandem Repeats, repeating sequences of DNA that are used in forensic analysis.

PCR

Polymerase Chain Reaction, a method used to amplify DNA sequences for analysis.

Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size by applying an electric field.

Restriction Enzyme

Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, essential for DNA profiling.

Innocence Project

An organization dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted individuals through DNA testing.

Blood Typing

The process of determining an individual's blood type based on antigens present in the blood.

Arterial Blood Spray

Blood spatter pattern resulting from the pumping of blood from an artery during an injury.

Combustion

A chemical process of burning that requires heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent.

Heat Transfer

The process by which thermal energy is exchanged between physical systems.

Low Explosives

Explosives that deflagrate (burn rapidly) rather than detonate.

High Explosives

Explosives that detonate (create a shock wave) and are used in military applications.

GSR Test

Gunshot Residue test used to determine if a person has fired a weapon.

Questioned Document

Any document that is in dispute in terms of its authenticity or origin.

Mass Spectroscopy

An analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.

Paper Chromatography

A method used to separate mixtures of substances in a solution.

Digital Forensics

The branch of forensic science that involves the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices.