Unit 0

hindsight bias

tendency to believe that you would’ve known something after already learning the outcome

peer reviewers

scientific experts who evaluate theory, originality, and accuracy

falsifiable

the possibility that a theory can be disproven by observation/experiment

operational definition

the exact procedures used in a research study

replication

repeating the essence of a research study to see if the basic findings can be reproduced

case study

non-experimental technique where one or a few people are studied in-depth

naturalistic observation

non-experimental technique of observing naturally occurring behavior

survey

non-experimental technique for obtaining self-reported attitudes/behaviors of a group

social desirability bias

bias from people’s responding in ways they presume a researcher excepts/wishes

self-report bias

bias when people report their behavior inaccurately

sampling bias

flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

random sample

sample that fairly represents a population because each member had an equal chance of inclusion

population

all those in a group being studied

correlation

a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

correlation coefficient

statistical index of the relationship between two variables

illusory correlation

perceiving a relationship where none exists