Henretta Chapter 20

waving the bloody shirt

An expression used as a vote getting stratagem by the Republicans during the election of 1876 to offset charges of corruption by blaming the Civil War on the Democrats.

Gilded Age

Saw political corruption, large gap between rich and poor

Who was shot in 1881?

President James Garfield by Charles Guitaeu

Pendleton Act

1883; Required many government jobs to be filled by a civil service test (Helped limit the SPOILS SYSTEM)

Mugwumps

Liberal republicans that did not support James Blaine in 1884

Grover Cleveland

Only president to served 2 nonconsecutive terms; He vetoed more bills than any president

Interstate State Commerce

Sought to limit the power of corporations, especially railroads

Sherman Antitrust Act

1890; Sough to limit corporations, forbid combinations in the form of trust of otherwise.

Lodge Bill

Would allow citizens to ask for government interventions in elections; Didn't pass

**POPULIST PROGRAM**

Made up of FARMERS who wanted more say in government

Omaha Platform

1892; Argued people should have more say in government; Populist Party favored this

What did the Omaha Platform want?

Public ownership of RRs and telegraphs; Federal INCOME TAX FOR WEALTHY; Loosen the money supply, helping borrowers and those in debt

Panic of 1893

High unemployment and bank failures

Coxey's Army

1894; A group of veterans who marched to D.C. In order to advocate the federal government to HIRE UNEMPLOYED AMERICANS TO FIX ROAD; Many saw this as too extreme

Free Silver

Advocates favor a looser monetary supply; Instead of just gold, the money supply would be backed up by silver 16:1 ratio

How would Free Silver help those in debt or borrowers?

It would increase the amount of money in circulation which would lead to inflation allowing those in debt to pay their debt

Solid South

Overwhelmingly voting for the Democratic Party by white southerners and had tremendous power

Williams v. Mississippi

1898; The SC allowed poll taxes and literacy tests to stand

William Jennings Bryan

A Populist and Democratic candidate 3 times, but he lost all three, like Henry Clay; Favored Free Silver in 'Cross of Gold'

Populists

Wanted to expand the monetary supply; They called for stronger governments to protect ordinary Americans

17th Amendment

1913; Direct election of senators, rather than legislatures

Lochner v. NY

Overturned a NY law limiting baker's workday to 10 hours

Anthracite Coal Strike

1902; Theodore Roosevelt threatened to seize the mines if owners didn't negotiate

Elkins Act

1903; RRs could no longer offer cheaper rates to big companies

Northern Securities Decision

Powerful RR trust broken up and upheld by the Supreme Court

Hepburn Act

1906; It gave the ICC power to set shipping rates

New Lands Reclamation Act

1902; government sold land to raise money for improved irrigation in dry, arid lands; A WAY TO POPULATE THE WEST

ROBERT LA FOLLETTE

Coined the WISCONSIN IDEA

Wisconsin Idea

Increase government involvement in economy, increased voter participation

Recall

Can remove elected officials

Referendum

Citizens can VOTE ON laws

Initiative

Citizens can PROPOSE laws

Robert Hunter

Argued poverty was not due to laziness, but rather social problems in 'Poverty'

Muller v. Oregon

1908; The SC upheld Oregon law limiting women to 10-hour work days

"Brandeis Brief"

Supporting arguments by using scientific research

Talented Tenth

Coined by W.E.B Du Bois; Argued for education of blacks

Niagara Movement

1905; Advocated end to segregation, increased voter rights, and equal opportunities

What is an example of a group of workers who striked to overthrow capitalism?

Industrial Workers of the World

What was important in the Election of 1912?

Teddy decided to run again, but he didn't receive the nomination from the Republicans, so he ran on the Progressive (Bull Moose Party)

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's domestic platform during the 1912 election accepting the power of trusts and proposing a more powerful government to regulate them

Eugene V. Debs

He ran in the 1912 election as a socialist

Who had the popular vote in the election of 1912?

Woodrow Wilson

16th Amendment

1913; The higher an individual's income, the more taxes paid; A POPULIST IDEA

Federal Reserve Act

1913; Created a new banking system; Controls the SUPPLY OF MONEY; it SET INTEREST RATES

CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT

1914; strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act; Unions were exempt from prosecution

Adamson Act

Created an 8-hour workday for RR workers

African Americans in Progressive Reforms

They were left out