Deuterostomes - Echinoderms

mouth, blastospore

In protostomes, the ______ develops from __________.

anus, blastospore

In deuterostomes, the _______ develops from the _______

Open

deuterostomes have a _____ circulatory system

No

deuterostomes have ___ complex sense organs

Marine

Phylum Echinodermata = spiny skinned animals - exclusively ______

radial (grow to become this, they have a bilateral ancestor)

deuterostomes are usually _______ symmetry

Madreporite, mouth

The aboral side of a starfish contains the _______, ______

stomach

A starfish on its aboral side can extrude their ______ through the mouth

Oral (bottom part)

The mouth/tubed feet is located on the _____ side of a starfish

Aboral (top part)

The anus/madreporite is located on the _____ side of a starfish

Echinodermata, gas-exchange

_______ have a unique water system that functions in ___-______

Coelomic canals

This vascular system consists of _______ and tubed feed that serve multiple roles (locomotion, gas exchange, prey capture and excretion.)

ammonia, diffusion, epidermis

In deuterostomes ______ (gas) waste is eliminated primarily by _____ across the _____ and through the tubed feet

Echinodermata

________ move using their water vascular system

Tube feet

___________ extend when fluid is forced into them from the ampullae. They attach to surfaces using adhesive secretions.

Slow

Contractions of the tubed feet then pulls the body forward in a coordinated manner ( ______ )

Calcareous ossicles

Echinodermata have an endoskeleton composed of ________ _______

Support, protection

The endoskeleton provides ______ and ______ and allows continuous growth without molting.

Ossicles

In seastars _____ may be embedded within the dermis and can project outaward as spines

False (spines are NOT tubed feet, spines produce an endoskeleton that provides defense, Tubed feet are on the oral side.

T OR F: Starfish spines are the same thing as tubed feet.

Indeterminate (continouous)

Many echinoderms exhibit _________ growth (unusual among animals)

grow or shrink

Individuals in echinodermata may ______ or _______ depending on resource avalaibility

negligible senescence

Many species in Echinodermata show ________ ________ continuing to grow and reproduce throughout life unless killed by predators or disease

Defense

Spines in Echinoderms function for _______

Toxins

In some sea urchins and sea stars, spines may be associated with _________

Crown of thrones starfish

The spines on ____________ (starfish name) produces toxins for self defense

Dermis

Gas exchange occurs primarily by diffusion throughout the ______

Dermal Papulae (Skin gills)

_________ are fleshy projections of the body wall in Echinodermata that increase the surface area for gas exchange ( as well as ammonia waste)

Dioecious (have distinct male or female individuals)

Echinoderms are mostly _______ (reproduction)

Metamorphosis, radially

The larva in echinodermata settles and undergoes ________ into a ______ symmetrical adult

Phylum Echinodermata

Includes (sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, brittle stars, basket stars, sea cucumbers, sea lillies, and feather stars)

Oral Side

Sea Stars: Tubed feet and mouth are located on ______

Externally digest prey

Sea stars can evert their stomach to _______________

Anatomy of a seastar

The ambulacral ridge = bony ossicles (this is connected to the tubed feet/ water vascular system)

Regenaration

Sea stars can go through _________ to regain lost body parts

Undifferentiated (stem-like) cells

Sea stars and most echinoderms use ________ cells to regenerate body parts

Polyps of hard corals (coral poplyps)

The crown of thorns sea stars can prey on __________. Population outbreaks can decimate coral reef ecosystems

Sea urchins and sand collars, disc

Echinodermata includes ____urchins and _____ collars. They are _____ shaped

fused, test

Calcareous ossicles are _______ to form a rigid external skeleton called a ______.

Sand dollars and sea urchins, algae

In echinodermata, ______ collars and ____ urchins feed on _______ and organic matter

Chewing structure (Aristotle’s lantern)

Echinodermata posses a complex _______ _______ for grazing, composed of five calcareous teeth controlled by muscles.

autotomized (shed)

In brittle stars and basket stars, arms can be _______ for defense and later regenarated.

arm movements

In brittle stars and basket stars, locomotion is accomplished by ________ NOT tubed feed.

oral-aboral body

Sea cucumbers have a ___________ body with no arms: they typically lie on one side.

locomotion, also muscular contractions

Sea cucumbers use tubed feet for _______ and also _______ for body movements

Tubed feet at oral ends

In sea cucumbers, the _____ feet, at _______ are modified into feeding tentancles used for feeding.

Tentacles

In sea cucumbers, tubed feet at oral end = _______

Toxic/Sticky Cuverian Tubules

Sea cucumbers can eject _____/toxic, ______ tubules. As well as portions of the gut and internal organs, through the cloaca to deter predators (video we watched) looks like sperm….