definitions for paper 1

Publicly Held Company

A business that has sold shares to the general public, typically through a stock exchange, allowing shareholders to own a portion of the business.

E-Waste Processing Factory

A facility designed to handle and process discarded electronic products, extracting valuable materials like precious metals for resale.

Jewellery Makers

Businesses that design and produce jewellery using precious metals such as gold and silver.

Efficiencies

Improvements in resource utilization to produce goods or services at lower costs or in less time without reducing quality.

Environment

The natural world affected by a business's operations, including air, water, land, and ecosystems.

Market-Oriented

An approach where decisions about products and services are driven by customer needs identified through market research.

Growth

An increase in business size measured by revenue, profit, market share, or number of employees.

Aggregates

Raw materials like sand, gravel, and clay mixed to produce construction materials such as concrete.

Business-to-Business (B2B)

A model where businesses sell products or services to other businesses rather than individuals.

Carbon-Intensive

Processes that release significant amounts of CO₂ and greenhouse gases.

Circuit Boards

Internal components found in electronic devices containing small amounts of precious metals and toxic materials.

Clay

A naturally occurring raw material used in cement and concrete production.

Concrete

A widely used construction material made from cement, water, and aggregates.

E-Waste

Discarded electronic products that often contain valuable materials and hazardous substances.

Landfill

A site where waste materials are buried instead of recycled.

Limestone

A key ingredient in producing cement and concrete.

Plastic Shredding Machinery

Industrial equipment for breaking down plastic waste for recycling.

Recycling

The process of collecting and reprocessing waste materials for reuse.

Solar Panels

Devices that convert sunlight into electricity.

Toxic Metals

Harmful substances that can damage health and the environment if not handled properly.

Producer

Companies that manufacture goods from raw materials. ABC takes the raw materials such as limestone and clay to make concrete.

Manufacture

The process of producing goods from raw materials, often involving machinery and labor to create finished products for consumer use. ABC produces concrete by combining limestone and clay.

Research

The systematic process of gathering, analysing and interpreting data to make informed decisions. ABC’s research is to decrease enviornmental impact of their production by transitioning into recycled products.