Shoulder, Arm, Forearm, and Hand

Three anterior thorax muscles

Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

Pectoralis minor - protraction and downward rotation of scapula

Serratus anterior - protraction of scapula

boxing muscle

Subclavius - stabilize pectoral girdle

3 Posterior thorax muscles

Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids

Trapezius

What are the three parts of the trapezius muscles and what do they do

Upper - scapula elevation (shrugging)

Middle - scapula retraction

Lower - scapula depression

Rhomboids - major (bottom) and minor (top)

Retraction and downward rotation

Levator scapulae

elevate scapula

Shoulder joint muscles

three prime movers of the arm / humerus

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid

Pectoralis major - flexion and adduction of arm at shoulder joint

Latissimus dorsi - adduction and extension of arm at shoulder joint

Deltoid

What are the three fibers of the deltoid and what do they do

anterior - flexion

middle - abduction

posterior - extension

Rotator cuffs - what do they act as, where do they originate, what do they do and prevent

act as synergist and fixators

Originate from scapula

reinforce shoulder capsules

prevent dislocation

4 muscles of the rotator cuffs (from up to down) - SITS

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, subscapularis

Supraspinatus - what muscle group and action

rotator cuffs and abduction of deltoids

infraspinatus - what muscle group and action

rotator cuffs and external rotation of shoulder

Teres minor - what muscle group and action

rotator cuffs

external rotation of shoulder

Subscapularis - what muscle group and action

rotator cuffs and

Internal rotation of shoulder

Anterior elbow joint muscles - 3

Brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis

Which are the two chief forearm flexors

Brachialis and biceps brachii

What is the synergist and stabilizer muscle of the anterior elbow joint muscles

Bracioradialis

Which of the three elbow flexion muscles inserts from humerus to ulna instead of humerus to radius

Brachialis

Brachialis - elbow flexion

Biceps brachii - elbow flexion - also does supination

Brachioradialis - elbow flexion

Hammer curl, supinated curl, reverse curl each use what muscle most

hammer - brachioradialis

supinated - brachii

reverse - brachialis

When is elbow flexion easiest

When forearm is supinated → use biceps brachii the most

what is the 2 posterior elbow joint muscles and what movement

Triceps brachii and anconeus

extension

Triceps brachii - 3 heads - prime mover

What is the weak synergist muscle for elbow extension that assists the triceps

Anconeus

Which two forearm muscle does pronation

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Pronator teres

pronator quadratus

Which forearm muscle is a synergist with biceps brachii for forearm supination

supinator

Flexor carpi radialis

Wrist flexor

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Wrist flexor

Palmaris longus

Wrist flexor

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Finger flexion

Flexor digitorum profundus

finger flexion

Flexor pollicis longus

Thumb flexion

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Wrist extension

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Wrist extension

Extensor digitorum

Finger extension

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Wrist extension

Extensor pollicis brevis

Thumb extension

Extensor pollicis longus

Thumb extension

Extensor indicis

Index finger extension

Abductor pollicis longus

Thumb abduction

What is the ball of thumb and what does it do

Thenar eminence - opposition → move thumb toward little finger

What is the ball of the little finger

Hypothenar eminence

muscles of the Middle of the palm

Midpalmar muscles

What are the lumbricals and interossei

midpalmar muscles for abduction and adduction of fingers

What movement is teres major

extension and adduction of arm at shoulder joint