Rad Patho quiz 1-6

Ischemia

an interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ, depriving the organ’s cells and tissues of oxygen and nutrients

Infarction

a localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of either its arterial supply or its venous drainage

Hemorrhage

the rupture of a blood vessel

Malignant

neoplasms that invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites

Hypertrophy

an increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response to a demand for increased function

Edema

the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities

Hyperplasia

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

Atrophy

a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue, with a corresponding decrease in function

Neoplasia

an abnormal proliferation of cells that are no longer controlled by the factors that govern the growth of normal cells.

Benign

tumors that closely resemble their cells of origin in structure and function and remain localized

Atelectasis

a condition in which there is diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume

Pleural Effusion

the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Pneumothorax

the presence of air in the pleural cavity, results in a partial or complete collapse of the lung

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

includes several conditions in which chronic obstruction of the airways leads to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases and makes breathing difficult

Pneumonia

an inflammation of the lung that can be caused by a variety of organisms, most commonly bacteria and viruses

Dissection of the Aorta

A potentially life-threatening condition in which disruption of the intima (the inner layer) permits blood to enter the wall of the aorta and separate its layers

Thrombus

an intravascular clot

Embolism

a thrombus that becomes detached from the vessel wall and enters the bloodstream

Aneurysm

a localized dilation of an artery that most commonly involves the aorta, especially its abdominal portion

Congestive Heart Failure

the inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply to the tissues

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Arteriosclerosis

occurs when arteries become marked by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall

Pericardial Effusion

the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart

Deep Venous Thrombosis

primarily involves the lower extremities and is the major source of potentially fatal pulmonary embolism

Atherosclerosis

Plaque that develops in the intima of the artery

Osteoporosis

a generalized or localized deficiency of bone matrix in which the mass of bone per unit volume is decreased in amount but normal in composition

Spina bifida

a posterior defect of the spinal canal resulting from failure of the posterior elements to fuse properly

Bursitis

an inflammation of the bursae

Osteomalacia

too insufficient mineralization of the adult skeleton

Osteoarthritis

loss of joint cartilage and reactive new bone formation

Chondrosarcoma

a malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin

Enchondroma

a slow-growing, benign, cartilaginous tumor arising in the medullary canal

Gout

a disorder in the metabolism of purine in which an increase in the blood level of uric acid leads to the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints, cartilage, and kidney

Paget disease

Destruction of bone, followed by a reparative process, results in weakened, deformed, and thickened bony structures that tend to fracture easily

Osteochondroma

a benign projection of bone with a cartilaginous cap that arises in childhood or the teen years