Medical Suffixes and Pharmacology Practice Flashcards

This flashcard set covers common medication suffixes, their clinical drug categories, primary uses, and specific examples as provided in the lecture notes.

-amide

Oral antidiabetic, sulfonylurea group used for Type $2$ DM. Examples include Chlorpopamide and tulbutamide.

-asone

A corticosteroid used as a steroid for inflammation. Examples: betamethasone; dexamethasone; diflorasone; fluticasone; mometasone.

-bicin

Antineoplastic; cytotoxic agent used for Cancer. Examples: doxorubicin; epirubicin; idarubicin; valrubicin.

-bital

Barbiturate (sedative) used for Anxiety, antiseizure, or as a sedative-hypnotic. Examples: butabarbital; butalbital; phenobarbital; secobarbital.

-caine

Local anesthetic. Examples: bupivacaine; lidocaine; mepivacaine; prilocaine; proparacaine.

cef-, ceph-

Cephalosporin antibiotic; a broad spectrum antibiotic. Examples: cefaclor; cefdinir; cefixime; cefprozil; cephalexin.

-cillin

Penicillin antibiotic. Examples: amoxicillin; ampicillin; dicloxacillin; nafcillin; oxacillin.

-coxib

COX-$2$ inhibitors used for pain and inflammation. Example: celecoxib.

-dazole

Anthelmintic; antibiotic; antibacterial. Examples: albendazole; mebendazole; metronidazole; tinidazole.

-dipine

Calcium channel blocker used for HTN. Examples: amlodipine; felodipine; nifedipine; nimodipine; nisoldipine.

-dronate

Bisphosphonate; bone resorption inhibitor used for osteoporosis. Examples: alendronate; etidronate; ibandronate; risedronate.

-eprazole

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used for GERD. Examples: esomeprazole; omeprazole; rabeprazole.

-erol

Bronchodilators (adrenergic).

-fenac

NSAID. Examples: bromfenac; diclofenac; nepafenac.

-floxacin

Fluroquinolone antibiotic with a risk of tendon rupture. Examples: besifloxacin; ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin.

-gliptin

Antidiabetic; inhibitor of the DPP-$4$ enzyme. Examples: saxagliptin; sitagliptin; linagliptin.

-glitazone

Antidiabetic; thiazolidinedione oral for type $II$ DM. Examples: pioglitazone; rosiglitazone; troglitazone.

-mycin

Antibiotic; antibacterial. Examples: azithromycin; clarithromycin; clindamycin; erythromycin.

-nacin

Muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic) used for bladder spasticity. Examples: darifenacin; solifenacin.

-azole

Antifungal for fungal infection. Examples: fluconazole; ketoconazole; miconazole; terconazole; tioconazole.

-olol

Beta blocker used for HTN, anti arrhythmic, and CHF. Examples: atenolol; metoprolol; nadolol; pindolol; propranolol; timolol.

-olone

Corticosteroid; anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressants. Examples: fluocinolone; fluorometholone; prednisolone; triamcinolone.

-oprazole

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used for gastric ulcers. Examples: dexlansoprazole; lansoprazole; pantoprazole.

parin; -parin

Antithrombotic; anticoagulant (blood thinner). Examples: dalteparin; enoxaparin; fondaparinux; heparin; tinzaparin.

-phylline

Xanthine derivative (bronchodilator) used for bronchodilation. Examples: aminophylline; dyphylline; oxtriphylline; theophylline.

-pramine

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used for depression. Examples: clomipramine; desipramine; imipramine; trimipramine.

pred; pred-

Corticosteroid. Examples: loteprednol; prednicarbate; prednisolone; prednisone.

-pril

ACE inhibitor used for HTN and CHF. Examples: benazepril; captopril; enalapril; lisinopril; moexipril; ramipril.

-profen

NSAID. Examples: fenoprofen; flurbiprofen; ibuprofen; ketoprofen.

-sartan

Angiotensin $II$ receptor antagonist; ARB used for HTN and CHF. Examples: candesartan; irbesartan; losartan; olmesartan; valsartan.

-semide/-ide

Loop diuretic (water pill) used for HTN. Examples: furosemide; torsemide.

-statin

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; statins. Anti-cholesterol drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia. Examples: atorvastatin; lovastatin; pitavastatin; pravastatin; rosuvastatin; simvastatin.

sulfa-

Antibiotic; anti-infective; anti-inflammatory; noted as a common allergy in charts. Examples: sulfacetamide; sulfadiazine; sulfamethoxazole; sulfasalazine.

-tadine (Antihistamine)

Antihistamine used for gastric ulcers. Examples: cyproheptadine; desloratadine; loratadine; olopatadine.

-tadine (Antiviral)

Antiviral; anti-influenza-A. Examples: amantadine; rimantadine.

-terol

Beta agonist; bronchodilator. Examples: albuterol; arformoterol; formoterol; levalbuterol; salmeterol.

-thiazide

Thiazide diuretic (water pill). Examples: chlorothiazide; hydrochlorothiazide; methyclothiazide.

-trel

Female hormone (progestin). Examples: desogestrel; etonogestrel; levonorgestrel; norgestrel.

-triptan

Antimigraine; selective $5\text{-HT}$ receptor agonist for Migraine and headaches. Examples: almotriptan; eletriptan; rizatriptan; sumatriptan; zolmitriptan.

-tyline

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Examples: amitriptyline; nortriptyline; protriptyline.

vir; -vir

Antiviral; anti-HIV, flu. Examples: abacavir; efavirenz; enfuvirtide; nevirapine; ritonavir; tenofovir.

-zepam

Benzodiazepine used for depression. Examples: clonazepam; diazepam; flurazepam; lorazepam; temazepam.

-zodone

Antidepressant used for depression. Examples: nefazodone; trazodone; vilazodone.

-zolam

Benzodiazepine used for depression; causes relaxation. Examples: alprazolam; estazolam; midazolam; triazolam.

Vasodilators

Class of drugs that include prefixes/suffixes such as Vaso-, Nitro-, -afil, -dipine, and -olol.

Ca channel blockers

Drugs ending in -pine (e.g., Amlodipine) and -zem (e.g., Diltiazem).