CMOE621 Epidemiology and Practical Medicine Flashcards

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering epidemiology, communicable diseases, vaccination protocols, environmental health, and occupational lung diseases as presented in the CMOE621 practical lecture series.

Level of prevention for '100 million healthy lives campaign'

Secondary (2nd) prevention.

Level of prevention for Helmet (Personal Protective Equipment)

Primary (1ry) prevention.

Epidemiological danger of carriers

They are more dangerous than cases because they are unknown and potentially more infectious.

Place of isolation for quarantinable diseases

Fever hospital or designated place of isolation.

Disadvantage of living attenuated vaccine

It cannot be given to immune-deficient or immuno-suppressed persons.

Health center refrigerator storage temperature

Between $2^{\circ}C$ and $8^{\circ}C$.

Health center freezer storage temperature

Between $-15^{\circ}C$ and $-50^{\circ}C$.

Bull neck appearance

A characteristic clinical sign seen in Diphtheria.

Measles rash characteristics

A red blotchy rash beginning on the face, becoming generalized, and lasting several days.

Mumps clinical presentation

Fever and rhinitis followed by localized swelling of the parotid and sublingual salivary glands.

Chickenpox (Varicella) risk up to first 20 weeks of pregnancy

Risk of Congenital Varicella Syndrome.

Meningococcal meningitis drug of choice

Penicillin (usually indicated for treatment in this context).

Incubation period of botulism food poisoning

$12 \text{ --- } 36$ hours.

Yellow Fever vaccine validity

Becomes valid 10 days after injection and remains valid for 10 years.

Cutaneous anthrax ulcer

An ulcer characterized by a central black scab surrounded by edema.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ulcer

An ulcer with a central crater covered by crusts and a raised edge (border).

Opisthotonos position

A characteristic physical posture assumed by patients suffering from Tetanus.

HBV horizontal/vertical transmission risk (HBsAg & HBeAg positive)

The percentage of vertical transmission for the infant is high (approximately $90\%$).

Obese Class II (BMI)

A Body Mass Index (BMI) between $35 \text{ --- } 40$.

Social and human rights model of disability

A model stating that disability results from environmental barriers (e.g., a wheelchair user unable to reach a ballot box) rather than physical ability alone.

Hardness of water

The concentration/amount of Calcium and Magnesium salts present in water.

Blue baby syndrome cause

Contamination of drinking water by excess nitrates exceeding $10\,mg/l$.

Most satisfactory method of refuse disposal

Controlled tipping (if land is available).

Bagassosis

An occupational lung disease resulting from inhaling cellulose fibrous residue from sugar cane stacks.

Heat stroke clinical signs

Characterized by high body temperature and dry skin.

Heat exhaustion clinical signs

Characterized by normal body temperature and wet (perspiring) skin.

Sound level meter

A tool used to measure the intensity (loudness) of sound.

Occupational exposure limit for ionizing radiation

$5\,rem/year$ for healthcare workers.

Non-occupational exposure limit for ionizing radiation

$0.5\,rem/year$.

Welder's flash

Conjunctivitis and keratitis caused by occupational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Hyperbaric oxygen chamber (Decompressor chamber)

A chamber used to treat decompression sickness, gas embolism, carbon monoxide poisoning, and gas gangrene.

Silicosis X-ray appearance

Enlarged hilar lymph nodes with calcified periphery, known as 'egg shell appearance'.

Asbestosis X-ray appearance

Fibrosis around bronchioles and alveoli, known as 'ground glass appearance'.

Silicosis Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

Dust concentration in air should not exceed $1\,mg/m^3$.

Asbestosis Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

Dust concentration in air should not exceed $0.1\,mg/m^3$.