(Lecture 1) (Cell structures(1).pptx) Introduction to TE

Cell structures(1).pptx

What are cells

Cells are the basic building blocks of living organisms in the sense that they can survive in isolation

What is the cell made up of

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Organelles, Plasma Membrane

What is the nucleus?

The control centre of the cell

What can controlling the gene expression do?

Control of gene expression is central to TE as many gene products are specific to particular cell types, different because of different proteins

What are transcription factors

Control of transcription depends on regulatory sequences within the DNA and the proteins on them are called transcription factors that interact with these sequences

What is the promoter region of a gene

The region to which the RNA polymerase binds just upstream from the transcription start site

What is the cytoplasm?

It contains proteins in free solution, these intracellular proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the soluble cytoplasm. They also contains enzymes carrying out central metabolic pathways

What is the mitochondria

Power house of the cell and responsible for oxidative metabolism

What are some key points about oxidative metabolism and oxygen in cell culture

oxidative metabolism for ATP generation, Tissue culture cells are usually grown in atmospheric oxygen concentration

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

A ramifying system of phospholipid membranes

Interior can communicate with the exterior medium through exchange of membrane vesicles with the plasma membrane

What is the Golgi apparatus

Collection of internal membranes, system of stacked, saucer shaped cisternae with concave surface facing nucleus

What are lysosomes

Membrane-bound organelle filled with acid hydrolases, acidic fluid, and transport machinery to digest and recycle cellular and foreign materials

What is the cell membrane

It is a phospholipid bilayer incorporating many specialized proteins

What are the 3 major components of the cell cytoskeleton

Microtubules filament, Actin filaments, Intermediate filaments

What is the cell cytoskeleton

Framework of minute filaments and tubules

What are microtubules?

Microtubules are structures that can rapidly grow or shrink in size

What are the actin filaments

Polymers of actin, which is the most abundant protein in most animal cells, involved in cell adhesion and movements

How many cell types are there and why are there different ones

• About 210 different types of differentiated cell in the mammalian body

• Cell types are different from one another because they are expressing different subsets of genes and hence contain different proteins

What are the 2 broad categories of cells

Epithelial Cells and Mesenchymal Cells

What are the four basic tissue type

Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscle tissue, Nervous tissue

In this image what is in red and green

Microtubules and F-actin