PG2: Human Body Systems and Functions

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the systems of the human body, their functions, and terms associated with life processes.

Integumentary System

Protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, and provides sensory information.

Skeletal System

Provides support, protects tissues, stores minerals, and aids in movement.

Muscular System

Facilitates movement, maintains posture, and produces heat.

Nervous System

Controls body activities with electrical signals, processes information, and responds to stimuli.

Endocrine System

Regulates internal environment through hormones, affecting growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Cardiovascular System

Transports nutrients, gases, hormones, and wastes throughout the body.

Lymphatic System

Defends against infection and disease, and returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream.

Respiratory System

Facilitates gas exchange by providing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.

Digestive System

Processes food for energy and nutrients, and eliminates waste.

Urinary System

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates water balance.

Male Reproductive System

Produces male sex cells (sperm), hormones, and supports reproductive functions.

Female Reproductive System

Produces female sex cells (eggs), hormones, and supports embryonic development.

Movement

The ability to change position or location, which is a function of the muscular system.

Metabolism

All chemical reactions that occur within the body to maintain life, involving the endocrine and digestive systems.

Excretion

The process of removing waste products from the body, primarily managed by the urinary and digestive systems.

Growth

Increase in size and number of cells, regulated by the endocrine system.

Responsiveness

The ability to respond to stimuli, managed by the nervous system.

Digestion

The breakdown of food for nutrient absorption, carried out by the digestive system.

Reproduction

The biological process to produce new organisms, involving both male and female reproductive systems.

Maintaining Boundaries

Keeping the internal environment distinct from the external environment, a function of the integumentary system.

Anatomical Position

A standard position of the body where it is standing upright with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

Importance of Anatomical Position

Provides a consistent frame of reference for medical professionals to describe location and orientation in the body.