AP world unit 5

Enlightenment Ideas

Philosophical ideas emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority that inspired revolutions.

American Revolution

A revolution from 1775-1783 inspired by Enlightenment ideas, leading to American independence from British rule and the establishment of a democratic government.

French Revolution

A revolution from 1789-1799 in response to social inequality and financial crisis, resulting in the overthrow of the monarchy and establishment of a republic.

Haitian Revolution

The first successful slave revolt from 1791-1804, leading to Haiti's independence from France, influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the French Revolution.

Latin American Wars of Independence

Various early 1800s movements in Latin America seeking independence from Spanish and Portuguese rule led by figures like Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.

Industrial Revolution

The transition from hand production methods to machines between 1760-1840, beginning in Britain due to resources, infrastructure, and entrepreneurship.

Technological Innovations

Key inventions such as the steam engine and cotton gin that revolutionized production processes during the Industrial Revolution.

Urbanization

The shift of population from rural areas to cities, resulting in rapid urban growth in search of jobs.

Labor Movements

Worker movements that emerged in response to harsh working conditions, advocating for labor rights, better conditions, and unions.

Capitalism

An economic system promoting private ownership and free markets, expanded during the Industrial Revolution, articulated by Adam Smith.

Socialism and Marxism

Counter-movements to capitalism advocating for collective ownership of production, highlighted in Karl Marx's 'The Communist Manifesto'.

Imperialism

The expansion of empires in Africa and Asia by industrialized powers seeking new markets and resources, justified by civilizing missions.

Social Darwinism

The belief that strong nations have the right to dominate weaker ones, often used to justify colonial expansion and racial hierarchies.

Changes in Social Structures

Shifts in class structures due to revolutions, leading to the rise of the middle class and increased political participation.

International Responses

Global influence of revolutionary ideas leading to reforms and further revolutions across Europe and Asia.

Cultural Responses

New artistic movements, such as Romanticism, that emerged in reaction to industrialization and rationalism.