Falculan Twins' Review Center Mathematics Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive collection of vocabulary flashcards covering basic mathematics, algebra, business mathematics, and geometry based on the Falculan Twins' Review Center materials.

Acute Angle

An angle whose measure is less than $90$ degrees.

Right Angle

An angle that measures exactly $90$ degrees.

Obtuse Angle

An angle whose measure is more than $90$ degrees but less than $180$ degrees.

Straight Angle

An angle whose measure is exactly $180$ degrees.

Complementary Angles

Any two angles whose combined measures equal to $90$ degrees.

Supplementary Angles

Any two angles whose combined measure equal to $180$ degrees.

Vertical Angles

$2$ angles formed by intersecting lines that cannot be adjacent, are always equal in measure, and are across from one another.

Adjacent angles

$2$ angles which share a vertex and share a side but do not overlap.

Polygon

A closed figure with straight sides, no curves, and no overlapping.

Scalene Triangle

A triangle that has no equal sides and all sides are different lengths.

Isosceles triangle

A triangle that has $2$ equal sides and the angles opposite the equal sides are also equal.

Equilateral triangle

A triangle where all $3$ sides are equal and each angle must be $60$ degrees.

Right triangle

A triangle that has one $90$ degree or right angle.

Acute triangle

A triangle that has $3$ angles with a measure of less than $90$ degrees each.

Obtuse triangle

A triangle that has one obtuse angle.

Trapezoid

A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides.

Parallelogram

A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides, opposite sides equal, and opposite angles equal.

Rectangle

A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides, opposite sides equal, opposite angles equal, and all right angles.

Rhombus

A quadrilateral where all sides are equal and opposite angles are equal.

Square

A quadrilateral where all sides are equal and all angles are right angles.

Kite

A quadrilateral with two separate pairs of equal adjacent sides.

Total Surface Area (TSA)

The total area of all the surfaces of a solid figure, measured in square units.

Volume

The amount of space occupied by a solid object, such as $V = L \times W \times H$ for a rectangular prism.

Percentage (P)

A part of the whole.

Base (B)

The whole quantity in a percentage relationship.

Rate (R)

The number usually expressed in percent ($\%$).

Simple Interest

Interest paid only on the principal amount.

Markup

The amount of increase added to the cost of merchandise to make a profit.

Selling Price

The amount which a seller pays to plus the markup, representing the price for which an item is sold.

Discount

The amount of the price decrease when an item is on sale.

Sale Price

The price of a good or service that is being offered at a discount.

Commission

A fee paid for services, usually a percentage of the total cost.

Absolute Value

The number of units a number is away from $0$ on a number line, which is always positive.

Closure Property

When we add or multiply any element in a set of numbers, the sum or the product is a unique real number which belongs to the same set.

Commutative Property

Changing the position of the addends or the factors does not affect the sum or the product.

Associative Property

Changing the grouping of the addends in a sum or the grouping of the factors in a product does not change the resulting sum or product.

Identity Property of Addition

The sum of any number and zero ($0$) is the same number.

Identity Property of Multiplication

The product of any number and $1$ is the same number.

Distributive Property

States that when a number is multiplied by the sum of two other numbers, the first number can be distributed to both numbers and multiplied by each separately.

Polynomial

An expression consisting of variables and coefficients that involve only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponents of variables.

Monomial

A constant, or the product of a constant and one or more variables raised to a whole number, consisting of exactly one term.

Binomial

A polynomial consisting of exactly two terms.

Trinomial

A polynomial consisting of exactly three terms.

Pythagorean Theorem

In a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse ($c^2 = a^2 + b^2$).

Probability

A measure that simply means chances, representing the number of favorable outcomes over total possible outcomes.

Prime Number

A number greater than $1$ that has only $2$ factors: $1$ and itself.

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The smallest number divisible by all of the numbers in a set.

Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

The highest number that divides exactly two or more numbers.

Ratio

A comparison of two quantities by division.

Proportion

An equality of two ratios.