Sperm Hindering and Capacitation

Vaginal Acidity

• what it does

• Why it matters

• it eliminated many sperm after ejaculation

• makes the female tract a harsh environment, so most sperm do not survive long enough to reach the oocyte and as well as a way to fix urinary tract susceptibility

Cervical Mucus:

• what it does

• Why it matters

• blocks or slows sperm’s movement, especially when a mucus is thick

• It acts as a filter, only some sperm can pass through

Uterine Immunes Defenses:

• what it does

• Why it matters

• removes and kills sperm because of it being foregin

• Greatly reduces the sperm number before they reach uterus

Longer Distances:

• what it does

• Why it matters

• Vagine—> cervix —> uterus —> uterine tubes

• Only a small fraciton of sperm cna successffullt reach the uterine tube

Timing Window:

• what it does

• Why it matters

• the timing window for the oocyte t oremain viable is only for about 24 hours after ovulation and then it degenerates

• Fertilization must happen quickly of the oocyte will no longer be fertilizable

Corona Radiata:

• what it does

• Why it matters

• acts as protective layer,, the outer layer surrounding the oocte

Zona Pollucida

• what it does

• Why it matters

• Glycoprotein layer aroudn the ooyte

• Sperm must bind and penetrate this later before reaching hte oocyte membrane

Oocyte Plasma Membrane

• what it does

• Why it matters

Final mmebrane sperm must fuse with

• only one sperm should fuse with the oocyte

female tract Fluids

• where it occurs

• what happens

• Why it helps fertilization

• FRT, Uterus, uterine tubes

• Alter sperm so they become fertilization ready

• Required before sperm can successfully fertilize

Enhanced Motility

• where it occurs

• what happens

• Why it help fertilization

• Sperm tail Flaggelums

• Sperm movement. becomes stronger/ hyperactive

• Helps sperm reach and penetrate the oocyte coverings

Acrosome Preperation

• where it occurs

• what happens

• Why it helps fertilization

• sperm head.acrosome

• Acrosome becomes ready to release enzymes

• Enzymes help breakthrough the corona radiata

Acrosomal Reactions

• where it occurs

• what happens

• Why it helps fertilization

• at the oocyte coverings

• Sperms releases enzymes from the acrosome

• Allow sperm to penetrate barriers around the oocyte

Trophoblasts

Cells that form outer shell in the blastocyst, to feed and to nourish

1st Cleavage

Going from one cell to two completed about 30 hours?