ALHS 1090 Ch. 7 & 8

Testis

primary male sex organ, paired, oval-shaped, and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. They produce spermatozoa (sperm) and the hormone testosterone.

Seminiferous tubules

approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs

Sperm (gamete)

the microscopic male germ cell

Zygote

fertilized egg

Testosterone

the principal male sex hormone. Its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics such as facial and pubic hair.

Epididymis

coiled tube attached to each testis that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm; continuous with each vas deferens

Vas deferens

duct (tube) carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Seminal vesicles

two accessory glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. The glands secrete a thick fluid that forms part of the semen.

Prostate gland

walnut-shaped gland that encircles the proximal section of the urethra. It secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation.

Semen

substance composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions

Scrotum

sac containing the testes and their corresponding epididymides, from which each vas deferens begins. It is suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis.

Genitalia

reproductive organs (male or female); includes internal and external reproductive organs

Gonads

primary reproductive organs; testes in males, ovaries in females

Andropathy

disease of the male

Anorchism

state of absence of testis

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland

BPH

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Cryptorchidism

state of hidden testis

Epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

Orchiepididymitis

inflammation of the testis and the epididymis

Orchitis

inflammation of the testis

Prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate gland

Prostatocystitis

inflammation of the prostate gland and the (urinary) bladder

Prostatolith

stone(s) in the prostate gland

Prostatorrhea

discharge from the prostate gland

Prostatovesiculitis

inflammation of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles

Hydrocele

fluid-filled sac around the testicle; causes scrotal swelling

Prostate cancer

cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in men middle-aged and older

Spermatocele

distension of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst-like collection of fluid and sperm cells

Testicular cancer

cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 to 35 years of age

Testicular torsion

twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis

Varicocele

enlarged veins of the spermatic cord

Epididymectomy

excision of the epididymis

Orchiectomy

excision of the testis

Orchiopexy

surgical fixation of the testicle

Orchioplasty

surgical repair of the testis

Orchiotomy

incision into the testis

Prostatectomy

excision of the prostate gland

Prostatocystotomy

incision into the prostate gland and the (urinary) bladder

Prostatolithotomy

incision into the prostate gland to remove stone(s)

Prostatovesiculectomy

excision of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles

Vasectomy

excision of a duct

Vasovasostomy

creation of artificial openings between ducts

Vesiculectomy

excision of the seminal vesicle

Hydrocelectomy

surgical removal of a fluid-filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling

Sterilization

surgical procedure that prevents pregnancy, either the ability of the female to conceive or of the male to induce conception

Prostate-specific antigen

blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood.

PSA

Prostate-specific antigen

Aspermia

condition of without sperm

Oilospermia

condition of scanty sperm

Orchialgia/testalgia

pain in the testis

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

sexually transmitted infection caused by a retrovirus that infects T-helper cells of the immune system

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Azoospermia

lack of live sperm in the semen

Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome

advanced, chronic immune system suppression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

AIDS

Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome

Ovaries

almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity; form and store egg cells (ova) and produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone

Ovum

female egg cell

Ova

ovum plural

Uterine/fallopian tubes

pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus

Fimbria(ae)

finger-like projection at the free end of the fallopian tube

Uterus

pear-sized and shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. Its functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor.

Endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

Myometrium

muscular middle layer of the uterus

Perimetrium

outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction

Corpus (body)

large central portion of the uterus

Fundus

rounded upper portion of the uterus

Cervix

narrow lower portion of the uterus

Vagina

passageway between the uterus and the outside of the body

Vulva

external genitals of the female reproductive system

Perineum

pelvic floor in the male and female reproductive systems. In the female reproductive system it refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus.

Amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow

Cevicitis

inflammation of the cervix

Dysmenorrhea

painful menstrual flow

Endometriosis

abnormal condition of the endometrium (endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus)

Endometritis

inflammation of the endometrium

Hematosalpinx

blood in the fallopian tube

Hydrosalpinx

water in the fallopian tube (a clear, watery fluid collects in the tube, and can cause blockage)

Mastitis

inflammation of the breast

Menometrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus at menstruation

Menorrhagia

excessive bleeding at menstruation

Metrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus

Myometritis

inflammation of the uterine muscle

Oligomenorrhea

infrequent menstrual periods

Oophoritis

inflammation of the ovary

Perimetritis

inflammation surrounding the uterus

Pyosalpinx

pus in the fallopian tube

Salpingitis

inflammation of the fallopian tube

Salpingocele

hernia of the fallopian tube

Adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

Vulvovaginitis

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

Breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

Cervical cancer

malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

Ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of the ovary

Fibrocystic breast changes

thickening of tissue (fibrosis), benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts; thought to be caused by monthly hormonal changes

Uterine fibroid/leiomyoma

benign tumor of the uterine muscle

Colpoplasty

surgical repair of the vagina

Colporrhaphy

suturing of the vagina (wall of the vagina)

Hysterectomy

excision of the uterus

Hysteropexy

surgical fixation of the uterus