USH Regents Prep - Gilded Age Industrialization

Pullman Strike (1894)

A staged walkout strike by railroad workers upset by drastic wage cuts. The strike was led by socialist Eugene Debs but not supported by the American Federation of Labor. Eventually President Grover Cleveland intervened because it was interfering with mail delivery and federal troops forced an end to the strike. The strike highlighted both divisions within labor and the government's continuing willingness to use armed force to combat work stoppages.

Nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Captains of Industry

men in charge of big businesses; John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan

Monopolies

Corporations that gain complete control of the production of a single good or service.

Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall

an American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York City and State.

Ellis Island

An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy

Urbanization in 1877-1920

The movement of people to cities

1. Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe

2. Former slaves during the Great Migration

Industrialization

The development of industries for the machine production of goods.

Gilded Age

1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor

Immigration

Movement of individuals into a population

Robber Barons

Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price.

Grange Movement (1867)

Nation Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry. A group of agrarian organizations that worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers. They opposed corrupt business practices and monopolies, and supported relief for debtors. Although technically not a political party, local granges led to the creation of a number of political parties, which eventually joined with the growing labor movement to form the Progressive Party.

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers

Andrew Carnegie and the Gospel of Wealth

Carnegie was an American millionaire and philanthropist who donated large sums of money for public works. His book argued that the wealthy have an obligation to give something back to society.

J.P. Morgan

Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"

philanthropist

lover of humanity; person active in promoting human welfare

Tenement Housing

Housing in the city where many factory workers where forced to live in one room apartments and the conditions where very unsanitary.

Federal Reserve System

The country's central banking system, which is responsible for the nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest rates

Unions

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolition of slavery w/o compensation for slave-owners

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th Amendment (1870)

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Railroad Strike of 1877

One of the worst outbreaks of labor violence erupted in 1877, during economic depression, when railroad companies cut wages in order to reduce costs. It shut down 2/3 of country's rail trackage. Strike quickly becoming national in scale. For the first time since 1830s federal troops used to end labor violence. More then 100 people killed.

union busting

a derogatory term used to describe actions taken to prevent a labor union from representing employees

strike

An organized work stoppage intended to force an employer to address union demands.