Environmental Pollution (G5 REPORT)

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT OF 1978

Facilitate the attainment and maintenance of rational and orderly balance between socio-economic development and environmental protection.

REPUBLIC ACT 6969 TOXIC SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT OF 1990

The law aims to regulate, restrict or prohibit the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk to human health.

REPUBLIC ACT 6969 TOXIC SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT OF 1990

It likewise prohibits the entry, even in transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes and their disposal into the Philippine territorial limits for whatever purpose; and to provide advancement and facilitate research and studies on toxic chemicals.

EPUBLIC ACT 8749 PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the National Air Quality guideline values for criteria pollutants, throughout the Philippines, while minimizing the possible associated impacts to the economy.

REPUBLIC ACT 8749 PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

Introduces the “polluter pays” principle.

REPUBLIC ACT 9003 ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000

In partnership with stakeholders, the law aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure the protection of public health and environment.

REPUBLIC ACT 9003 ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000

Mandates segregation at source (biodegradable, recyclable, residual, special wastes).

REPUBLIC ACT 9003 ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000

Law ensures: proper segregation, collection, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adaptation of best eco-waste products

REPUBLIC ACT 9275 PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004

The law aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities). It provides for comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all the stakeholders.

REPUBLIC ACT 9275 PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004

Protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities).

Pertinent Parameters

are measurable factors used to monitor, understand, and protect the environment.

• Particulate Matter (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 )

• Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)

• Nitrogen Oxide (NO_x)

• Carbon Monoxide (CO)

• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Air Quality Parameters

Particulate Matter (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 )

Tiny particles in the air from dust, smoke, and vehicle emissions.

PM_2.5

Particulate Matter that is especially dangerous because it can reach deep into the lungs and bloodstream.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)

A gas produced by burning coal, oil, and other fossil fuels. It can cause respiratory problems and acid rain.

Nitrogen Oxide (NO_x)

Gases from vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes. They can react with other chemicals to form smog and acid rain.

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

A colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete fuel combustion. High levels are toxic to humans and animals.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Organic chemicals that evaporate easily into the air. They can contribute to smog formation and affect human health.

Air Quality Parameters

parameters measure pollutants in the air that can affect human health, plants, animals, and the climate.

Water Quality Parameters

parameters indicate the health of rivers, lakes, coastal areas, and groundwater.

• pH

• Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

• Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

• Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

• Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

• Heavy Metals

Water Quality Parameters

pH

Measures how acidic or basic the water is.

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

The amount of oxygen in water available for fish and other aquatic organisms.

Hypoxia

Low DO can lead to ____

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Shows how much oxygen microorganisms need to break down organic matter.

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Measures total oxygen needed to oxidize both organic and inorganic substances.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

Particles like silt, clay, and organic matter that make water cloudy.

Heavy Metals

Toxic elements such as lead, mercury, and cadmium. Even small amounts can be harmful to humans and wildlife.

Waste Management Parameters

parameters provide guidelines for proper handling, storage, transport, and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes.

• Classification and Segregation

• Safe Storage and Transport

• Disposal Methods

Waste Management Parameters

Classification and Segregation

Separating biodegradable, recyclable, and hazardous waste.

Safe Storage and Transport

Ensuring waste is contained to prevent leaks or spills.

Disposal Methods

Using environmentally safe methods like landfills, recycling, or treatment plants.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Parameters

parameters evaluate the potential effects of projects on the environment before construction or development begins.

• Land Use

• Air and Water Pollution Potential

• Ecological Impacts

• Mitigation Measures

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Parameters

Land Use

Checks if a project will disturb natural habitats or agricultural land.

Air and Water Pollution Potential

Examines if the project may release harmful substances into air or water.

Ecological Impacts

Looks at how plants, animals, and ecosystems may be affected.

Mitigation Measures

Plans to reduce or prevent environmental damage.

Scientific Monitoring Parameters

parameters are measured to study natural conditions and detect changes in the environment.

• Temperature

• Salinity

• Turbidity

• Chlorophyll

• fDOM/cDOM (Fluorescent/Colored Dissolved Organic Matter)

• Dissolved Oxygen and Nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus)

Scientific Monitoring Parameters

Temperature

Affects water chemistry, metabolism of aquatic organisms, and the solubility of oxygen.

Salinity

Amount of salt in water, which affects the survival of plants and animals.

Turbidity

Indicates water clarity. High turbidity can reduce light penetration, affecting photosynthesis in aquatic plants.

Chlorophyll

Measures the amount of algae in water. High chlorophyll levels may indicate algal blooms, which can deplete oxygen.

fDOM/cDOM (Fluorescent/Colored Dissolved Organic Matter)

Indicates the presence of organic substances, which influence nutrient cycling.

Dissolved Oxygen and Nutrients (Nitrogen & Phosphorus)

Essential for aquatic life and indicate water quality.

INDUSTRY CHARGES

Refer to the waste materials and pollutants released into the environment by factories, plants, and other industrial facilities.

• Liquid Waste

• Gaseous Emissions

• Solid Waste

INDUSTRY CHARGES

• Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

• Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

Environmental Laws in the Philippines

• Point sources

• Non-point sources

Agricultural pollution comes from two main types of sources:

Point sources

a single, identifiable source of pollution that comes from one specific place. It usually comes from a pipe, factory, or facility that releases pollutants directly into air, water, or land.

Non-point sources

pollution that comes from many scattered or widespread sources, not from one single place. It is usually carried by rainwater, wind, or runoff and is harder to identify.